河南省粮食核心产区生态重建研究

[目的]调查研究河南省三大粮食核心产区(黄淮海平原、豫北豫西山前平原和南阳盆地)的生态重建状况,针对生态重建中存在的问题提出相应的建议,以期为河南省粮食核心产区的农业生产转型升级和生态重建工作提供支持。[方法]文章采用实地调查法,走访三大粮食核心产区的12个县的农业局和环保局并查阅相关资料,了解当地的农业生态环境恶化问题、生态重建状况及面临的问题。采用统计分析法,了解2010~2016年河南省粮食主产区的农作物受灾面积和旱灾面积、农用化肥和复合肥施用量,分析该区域生态恶化带来的严重后果。[结果]河南省农业和环保部门对三大粮食主产区80%以上的国家粮食生产大县开展了生态文化宣传工作,在此行动推动下,河南省粮食主产区的生态重建工作稳步推进。2014年之前河南省农作物受灾面积和旱灾受灾面积逐年扩大,2010~2015年农用化肥及复合肥施用量逐年增加,导致三大粮食核心产区的水源和土壤污染严重。生态重建面临资金、技术和人员缺乏、资源利用率低、环境污染严重、缺乏管理机制等诸多问题。[结论]河南省三大粮食主产区以水资源大量开采和土壤污染为主的农业生态环境恶化严重影响粮食生产,生态重建工作虽取得一定成效但仍面临诸多问题,阻碍了河南省粮食主产区的农业生产方式转型升级和农业的可持续发展。

STUDY ON ECOLOGICAL RECONSTRUCTION OF GRAIN CORE PRODUCTION AREA IN HENAN PROVINCE

This paper investigated the ecological reconstruction in three major grain producing areas, i.e., Huang-Huai-Hai plain, the western Henan piedmont plain, and the Nanyang basin, in Henan province, and put forward some suggestions on the ecological reconstruction, with a view to provide a support for agricultural production transformation and upgrading, and ecological reconstruction. Based on the field investigation, it visited 12 counties of the Agriculture Bureau and the Environmental Protection Agency in three major grain producing areas, and got the information of the local agro-ecological environment deterioration, ecological reconstruction and the problems. The statistical analysis method was used to analyze the crop affected area and drought area, agricultural fertilizer and compound fertilizer application in the main grain producing areas of Henan province from 2010 to 2016. The results showed that more than 80% of the national grain production counties carried out ecological and cultural propaganda, the ecological reconstruction was steady. Before 2014, the area drought areas expanded year by year, agricultural fertilizer application increased year by year. Ecological reconstruction also faced many problems such as lack of funds, technology and personnel, low resource utilization, serious environmental pollution, and lack of management mechanism. The ecological deterioration seriously affected the grain production and the ecological reconstruction work had achieved great success but still faces many problems.