中国航空国际网络结构特征及其对入境旅游的影响

国际旅游对航空运输高度依赖,入境旅游流网络与航空网络有密切关系。应用社会网络分析法,利用中国大陆城市与国境外城市间的国际航班信息,对由45个大陆城市与4个境外城市、110个外国城市组成的中国航空国际网络的结构特征及其对中国入境旅游的影响进行研究。得出结论：①中国航空国际网络是核心—边缘网络;网络中核心节点数量偏少且主要是出入境口岸城市,香港、北京、上海、广州、首尔、新加坡等城市是核心节点;边缘节点数量偏多,许多重要的入境旅游目的地城市和客源地城市在中国航空国际网络中的地位不够重要。②中国航空国际网络对入境旅游具有决定性影响,不仅决定其空间组织模式,而且决定入境客源国结构,还影响旅游城市的入境旅游接待规模。③从拓展中国入境旅游外国市场和扩大规模的角度看,中国航空国际网络结构亟待改善：首先,要与世界主要国家的国际枢纽机场建立更多的国际航班联系;其次,要提升我国北京、上海和广州等机场在国际航空网络中的枢纽地位;第三,要在我国中西部地区培育国际枢纽机场,改变枢纽机场集中分布在东部沿海地区的空间分布格局;第四,要充分发挥香港的枢纽作用,拓展入境旅游外国市场。

Chinese Aviation International Network and its Impact on Inbound Tourism

Air transport and tourism are interlinked and the inbound tourists flow network relies heavily on the international aviation network.This paper intends to explore the influence of the Chinese aviation international network on its inbound tourism,and points out how the Chinese aviation international network determines organizing model and quantity of the inbound tourists flow and origin countries structure.Using social network analysis,Chinese aviation international network is abstracted as a set of edges(lines) connecting a set of nodes(cities),and 159 cities are chosen for this research.The breakpoint 35 is used to build up an aviation international network that measured by the indexes of social network analysis,which are closeness centrality,betweenness centrality,structural hole,network density,and degree centrality.The obtained conclusions by this research are: ①The Chinese aviation international network is Core—Periphery network and there are a few of core nodes and a lot of periphery nodes.The core nodes in mainland are Beijing,Shanghai,Guangzhou,Xiamen,and Shenzhen.The core nodes oversea are Hong Kong,Seoul,Singapore,Taipei,and Tokyo.②Chinese aviation international network determines the organizing model of inbound tourists flow.The organizing model of inbound tourists flow makes the core nodes in China such as Beijing,Shanghai,and Guangzhou becoming the second origin places of the Periphery nodes destinations.Chinese aviation international network determines the structure of origin tourist countries of China.Those countries with more core nodes in Chinese aviation international network are primary origin tourism countries of China.③In order to enlarge the inbound visitor arrivals,the Chinese aviation international network should be improved in three ways.First,add the international flight courses among China and the other countries in Europe,America and Middle East.Second,improve the importance of the nodes in Chinese aviation international network through adding the amount of city scheduled flight and making the Beijing,Shanghai and Guangzhou as hubs in the world aviation network.Third,change the framework of Chinese aviation international network through building hubs in west China.This research is beneficial for the government to establish the development planning of airports and boost the inbound visitor arrivals.