FDI、环境规制与黄河流域城市绿色全要素生产率

文章利用黄河流域65个重点城市2001-2017年的面板数据,基于非径向、非角度SBM方向性距离函数的ML指数,测度城市绿色全要素生产率的动态变化情况,并在此基础上考虑区位、时期差异特征,实证研究外商直接投资(FDI)、环境规制对城市绿色全要素生产率的影响。结果显示:①2001-2010年,上游城市增长动力源于绿色技术效率,中下游城市源于绿色技术进步,2011年以来绿色全要素生产率普遍呈现增长趋势。②从全样本回归结果看,FDI全时段、第二阶段对绿色全要素生产率的影响为负,第一阶段正向影响源于绿色技术进步。环境规制具有显著的正向影响,第二阶段的影响系数略小,且对绿色技术效率的影响为负。③上游城市FDI在全时段、第一阶段影响为正,中下游城市在全时段、第二阶段影响为负,环境规制有正向影响,绿色技术效率提升仍是短板。相应提出以下政策建议:优化要素配置,注重规模效应,着力提升绿色技术效率;以"一带一路"倡议为引领,制定差异化引资战略,提高FDI质量和水平;健全生态环境与经济发展协同监控机制,保障经济绿色、健康、高质量发展;加强绿色科技研发、提高投资成效和金融服务水平。

Foreign Direct Investment,Environmental Regulation and Urban Green Total Factor Productivity of the Yellow River Basin

Based on the panel data of 68 key cities in the Yellow River Basin from 2001 to 2017,this paper firstly measures the dynamic change of urban green total factor productivity based on the ML index of non-radial and nonoriented SBM directional distance function.On this basis,considering the characteristics of location and time differences,we empirically studies the impact of foreign direct investment and environmental regulation on urban green TFP,and main conclusions are as follows:1)The growth power of upstream cities stems from the green technology efficiency,and that of middle and downstream cities stems from the green technology progress during 2001-2010.The green TFP has generally increased since 2011.2)From the results of full sample regression,FDI in the whole period and the second stage has a negative impact on green TFP,and it has a positive impact from green technology progress in the first stage.Environmental regulation has a significant positive impact,and the impact coefficient in the second stage is slightly small,and the impact on green technology efficiency is negative.3)The impact of FDI in upstream cities is positive in the whole period and the first stage,while that in the middle and downstream cities is negative in the whole period and the second stage.Environmental regulation has a positive impact.Accordingly,the recommendations are put forward:firstly,we should optimize the allocation of factors,and focus on the scale effect and the efficiency of green technology.Secondly,taking the Belt and Road Initiative as the guide,formulating differentiated investment strategy,and improving the quality and level of foreign direct investment should also take into account;Thirdly,we should perfect the monitoring mechanism of ecological environment and economic development,Lastly,strengthen green technology research and development and improve the effectiveness of investment and the level of financial services.