中国特色小镇的类型划分与空间分布特征

特色小镇作为产业的新型空间组织形式,可有效推动新型城镇化、助力乡村振兴,促进生产、生活、生态"三生融合"。文章以住建部官方公布的全国403个特色小镇为研究对象,基于根植性理论,运用GIS技术与方法,提出了特色小镇的分类方案,并探究不同类型特色小镇的产业差异及其空间分布特征。研究结果:①基于自然资源根植性和社会资本根植性两个视角,结合国民经济分类,将全国特色小镇分为四个主类、8个亚类和15个基本类型。②不同类型特色小镇的数量分布、地区分布均呈阶梯化特征,其分布密度与各地区已有的产业基础关联密切,根植性特征明显。③特色小镇分布整体呈凝聚型,且集聚趋势明显;在各省域内分布相对均衡,中部地区相较西部和东部而言,集聚程度最高;当前在空间上形成了长三角高密度聚集区和京津地区、珠三角次密度聚集区。④特色小镇的"特色"多样化需挖掘,第四产业孕育兴起,小镇类型可完善,布局合理性与空间结构仍需优化。

Classification and Spatial Distribution Features of Characteristic Towns in China

As a new form of industrial spatial organization,characteristic towns can effectively promote new-type urbanization,boost rural revitalization,and promote the integration of production,life and ecology.Based on the root theory and the application of GIS technology and methods,this paper puts forward the classification scheme of 403 characteristic towns in China,which are officially announced by the Ministry of Housing and Construction,and explores the industrial differences and spatial distribution features of different types of characteristic towns.The results show that:1)Based on the two perspectives of natural resource root and social capital root,combined with the classification of national economy,the characteristic towns in China are divided into four main categories,eight sub-categories and 15 basic types.2)The number distribution and regional distribution of different types of characteristic towns are ladder.There are more tertiary industry-oriented characteristic towns than secondary industry-oriented ones,more secondary industry-oriented ones than first industry-oriented ones,fourth industry-oriented characteristic towns are the least.Moreover,their distribution density is closely related to the existing industrial base in each region,with obvious rooted characteristics.3)Distribution of characteristic towns is aggregated as a whole,and the trend of aggregation is obvious.The distribution is relatively balanced in all provinces,and compared with the western and eastern regions,the central region has the highest degree of agglomeration.Currently,high-density aggregation areas in the Yangtze River Delta and sub-density aggregation areas in Beijing-Tianjin and Pearl River Delta have been formed in space.4)The diversification of"features"of characteristic towns needs to be excavated,the fourth industry is developing,the type of towns can be improved,the rationality of layout and spatial structure need to be optimized.