中国区域创新效率的时空演变及创新环境影响因素

提高区域创新效率,缩小区域创新差距是推动中国经济转型和建设创新型国家的必经之路,探明区域创新效率的时空演变特征及其影响因素对制定区域创新政策、构建富有特色的区域创新模式具有重要作用。文章以中国30个省(直辖市、自治区)为研究单元,运用DEA方法、变异系数、泰尔指数等测算了中国2001—2015年的区域创新效率及区域差异,利用NICH指数和Hurst指数进一步分析各省份创新效率的未来发展趋势,并借助Tobit模型分析了创新环境对区域创新效率的影响。结果发现:①中国创新效率总体呈上升趋势,2001—2015年呈“东—中—西”阶梯式递减,2013年后出现明显的交替节点;②中国创新效率存在明显的区域差异,但差异趋于收敛。其中,总体差异主要由地带内差异引起,且地带内差异呈“东—中—西”阶梯式递增,地带间差异仅占总体差异的1.96%;③创新效率的空间分布由分散趋于集中,其中,东部各省市的创新效率分布比较稳定,中西部地区均衡化趋势明显,创新效率“东—中—西”的分异格局逐步弱化;④未来,中国区域创新效率“西—中—东”递减式空间布局将得到延续和强化;⑤基础设施、市场环境、劳动者素质、金融市场和创业水平是影响区域创新效率时空变化的关键因素,但各因素对区域创新效率的影响强度和方向存在显著的空间异质性。

Spatial-Temporal Evolution and Innovation Environment Factors of Regional Innovation Efficiency in China

In order to promote China's economic transformation and build China into an innovative Country,it is essential to improve regional innovation efficiency and narrow regional innovation gap.Therefore,it is important to investigate spatial-temporal evolution and innovation environment factors of regional innovation efficiency in China so as to provide references for future regional innovation policy making and regional innovation mode construction.Taking 30 provinces(municipalities and autonomous regions)in China as basic units,the present research firstly measures the regional innovation efficiency and difference from 2001 to 2015 by adopting DEA,coefficient of variation and Theil index,then analyses the future innovation efficiency tendencies in each province by using NICH index and Hurst index,and finally analyses the influences upon regional innovation efficiency by innovation environment by resorting to Tobit model.The findings indicate that:1)nnovation efficiency in China is generally on the rise,showing an"East-Middle-West"stepwise decline during 2001-2015 and obvious alternate nodes after 2013.2)Innovation efficiency in China shows obvious regional differences which tend to converge.The overall difference is mainly caused by the difference within the regions which shows an"East-Middle-West"stepwise increase.By contrast,the difference between the regions only accounts for 1.96%of the overall difference.3)The spatial distribution of innovation efficiency evolves form decentralization to centralization,i.e.the distribution of innovation efficiency of eastern provinces is relatively stable,that of the middle and western provinces is more and more balanced,,and the"East-Middle-West"differentiation pattern of innovation efficiency weakens gradually.4)In the future,the"West-Middle-East"decrease spatial layout of regional innovation efficiency tends to continue and strengthen.5)Among factors influencing spatial-temporal evolution of regional innovation efficiency,infrastructure,market environment,labor quality,financial market and entrepreneurship level are the key ones whose intensity and direction show significant spatial heterogeneity.