北方寒冷地区农村既有建筑按需节能改造效益分析——以河北省保定市阜平县某农居为例

为了改善北方农村既有建筑无保温措施、建筑热负荷高而造成的冬季采暖能耗高、供暖经济负担重、污染排放多及环境差的现状，需对农村既有建筑进行围护结构节能改造。根据河北省农村户均常住人口现状及保定市阜平某农村既有建筑的调研分析，确定仅对人员频繁活动的房间进行改造的4种按需节能改造方案，并针对4种按需节能改造方案及现有的整体节能改造方案进行能耗模拟、成本核算，分析其环境效益和经济效益。结果表明：只按需改造墙体、不改造屋顶和地面的静态投资回收期最短为4.03年，按需改造全部围护结构的回收期最长为5.9年，现有的整体改造方案为11.88年。农村居民可根据自身需求及经济条件选择合适的节能改造方案，研究结论可为河北省乃至整个寒冷地区农村既有建筑围护结构节能改造政策的制定及技术的应用推广提供理论依据和数据参考。

Analysis of on-demand energy-saving reconstruction benefits of existing buildings in rural areas of northern cold region: A case study of a farm house in Fuping County, Baoding City, Hebei Province

In order to improve the situation of high energy consumption, heavy economic burden of heating, excessive pollution emission and poor environment in winter caused by the absence of heat preservation measures and the high thermal load of the existing buildings in northern rural areas, it is necessary to carry out energy-saving renovation of the enclosure structure of the existing buildings in rural areas. According to the survey and analysis on the current situation of permanent residents in each rural household of Hebei Province and the existing buildings in Fuping County, Baoding City, four on-demand energy-saving renovation schemes were determined for rooms with frequent personnel activities. Furthermore, the comparative analysis between those four renovation schemes and current energy-saving renovation schemes was conducted with regard to energy consumption and cost. Through the analysis of the environmental and economic benefits, the calculation result shows that the shortest static investment payback period for rebuilding the wall as needed without changing the roof and ground is 4.03 years, the longest payback period for rebuilding all enclosure structures as needed is 5.9 years, and the payback period of the overall transformation program is 11.88 years according to current schemes. Rural residents can choose suitable energy conservation renovation schemes according to their needs and economic conditions. The conclusions provide theoretical basis and reference data for the application and promotion of the energy-saving reconstruction policy in terms of the enclosure structures of existing rural buildings in Hebei Province and even in the entire cold regions.