历史记载以来黄河下游河道变化及沉积环境分析

论文对近历史记载以来黄河下游河段河道变迁历史进行总结概括并重新绘制了黄河下游河道变迁示意图。黄河下游河段按流向分为北、东、南三个方向。北流河道相对分散,形成了一系列三角洲沉积,有的已被沿岸河流带来的沉积物覆盖;东流河道在入海口处河道变迁频繁,形成了规模较大的三角洲并持续至今。南流河道在摆动起始有多股漫流,经由淮河水系扩散,至苏北一带汇成一股由苏北汇入黄海并在苏北形成了规模较大的三角洲。结合相关研究成果,分析黄河河口沉积环境发现:黄河入海泥沙堆积有极高的沉积速率,在沉积年份每年可沉积数十厘米至数米,可以快速向海淤进形成三角洲,而黄河行水期结束后,则无沉积甚至被侵蚀。研究结果表明,北至海河、南到淮河的大范围内沉积环境的塑造均与黄河有关,黄河与下游的滦河、小清河、弥河、潍河、淮河、射阳河等相互影响,共同塑造了华北平原的沉积格局。

Analysis of River Channel Changes and Sedimentary Environment in the Lower Yellow River Region since Historical Records

The lower reaches of the Yellow River are divided into three directions:north,east and south.The rivers flowing to the north are relatively scattered,forming a series of delta systems,some of which have been covered by sediments from coastal rivers;the rivers flowing eastward have changed frequently in the estuary,forming a larger delta and continuing to this day.At the beginning of the river flow to the south,there were many flows,which spread through the Huaihe River system,and merged into the Yellow Sea in the north of the Jiangsu Province and formed a larger delta in the north of Jiangsu.Combined with relevant research results,the sedimentary environment of the Yellow River estuary is analyzed.It is found that the sediment accumulation of the Yellow River into the sea has a very high deposition rate.After the end of the period,there is no deposition or even erosion.The results show that the formation of the sedimentary environment in the north to the Haihe River and the south to the Huaihe River is related to the Yellow River.The Yellow River interacts with the downstream Luanhe River,Xiaoqing River,Mihe River,Weihe River,Huaihe River and Sheyang River,which together shape the sedimentary pattern of the North China Plain.