基于RS、GIS的矿区生态景观修复研究 ——以徐州市城北煤矿区为例

研究目的：探讨矿区景观生态修复策略和技术，以改善矿区景观格局和矿区生态环境质量，保证矿区可持续发展。研究方法：利用RS数据，采用GIS技术和生态景观指标分析方法。研究结果：1987 — 2008年间，斑块连通度、斑块密度、香农多样性指数、均匀度指数增大，优势度指数减低，表明景观破碎化程度提高，多样性增大，生态系统稳定性降低，但耕地面积和最大斑块指数减小最大，耕地的边缘密度增大和连通度降低；水域用地的面积增大，最大斑块指数增大，斑块边缘密度增大和连通度降低，主要原因是采矿造成农地塌陷、地表积水、部分塌陷地被复垦为鱼塘用地等。为此，提出一系列的生态修复模式和生态修复措施，加大对矿区景观生态的斑块—廊道—基底的构建。

Study on Ecological Landscape Restoration in Mining Areas Based on RS and GIS: A Case of Xuzhou Northern Coal Mining Area

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the strategy and technology ecological restoration in coal mining area,  in order to improve landscape and ecological environment quality and to guarantee sustainable development in mining areas. Methods employed include RS, GIS, and ecological landscape indicator analysis. The results show that values of many indicators decreased from 1987 to 2008 including patch cohesion, patch density, Shannon diversity index and evenness index, while as contrary, the indicator of dominance index increased during the same period. The results firstly reflect a worse fragmentation of the landscape, an increasing of the diversity, and a more vulnerable ecosystem. However, the cultivated land indicator and the largest patch indicator decreased predominantly with the decrease of the edge density and cohesion of cultivated land. Secondly, the water space enlarged and the largest patch indicator of water increased, but the edge of patch density and cohesion decreased, which are mainly due to the agricultural land subsidence caused by mining, accumulation of surface water, and reclamation for fishery of part of subsidence. At last, a series of plans and measures for ecological restoration were proposed in the conclusion part of the paper to facilitate the construction of the plaque - corridor - matrix plots for the landscape ecology of mining areas.