制约、双赢到不确定性——环境规制与企业竞争力相关性研究的演进与借鉴

环境经济学的传统假说认为,环境目标与企业竞争力之间存在社会收益与私人成本的权衡,环境规制制约企业竞争力.但由于其严格假设损害理论的普适性等原因而遭质疑,由此诞生环境规制与企业竞争力双赢假说.双赢假说引入动态的创新机制,打破新古典静态分析框架,提出环境规制激发企业创新与生产效率提高,企业可获得"创新优势"与"先动优势".以后,一些学者通过对影响环境规制与企业竞争力关系因素的研究,提出二者存在相关性不确定性的假说.文章系统阐述二者相关性研究的演进过程,挖掘它们在假设、方法论、政策导向等方面的差异,以及演进的内在逻辑与借鉴意义.

From Restrain to Win-win to Uncertainty: The Evolution and Its Reference of Studies on Correlations of Environmental Regulation and the Competitiveness of Enterprises

The relationship between environmental goals and industrial competitiveness has normally been thought to involve a tradeoff between social benefits and private costs in the traditional hypothesis.Environmental regulation restricts the competitiveness of enterprises.Due to the reasons such as its strict assumptions which damage the universality of theory,it draws the skeptical reaction.Thus the hypothesis on win-win about environmental regulation and the competitiveness of enterprises comes into being.The hypothesis on win-win introduces dynamic innovation mechanisms and breaks the neoclassical static analysis frame-work.It advances that environmental regulation triggers the innovation and production efficiency profit of enterprises,makes them achieve innovation advantage and first mover advantage.Then the hypothesis is validated by the econometric model and extended by the formulization model.But some scholars advance the hypothesis that there is uncertainty between environmental regulation and the competitiveness of enterprises by researching the factors influencing them.The paper expounds the evolution of studies on correlations of environmental regulation and the competitiveness of enterprises systematically,discusses the difference in assumptions,methodology,policy direction and so on,and discovers the inner logic of the evolution and its reference.