农地证券化、劳动力转移与城乡收入分配

研究目的:通过建立反映农地资产变现能力作用机制的城乡二元结构模型,为中国城市化过程中的劳动力暂时性转移和城乡收入分配恶化现象提供新的理论解释。研究方法:通过数值模拟和统计检验方法,分析部门劳动生产率、转移成本和土地融资变现能力对劳动力转移数量、城乡收入分配的影响。研究结果:(1)农业和非农部门的技术进步都会对农村剩余劳动力产生正向影响;(2)清晰界定的土地产权会通过增强资产融资变现能力对农村劳动力迁移产生促进作用;(3)农地证券化增强土地资产的融资变现能力,为劳动力完全转移提供生活重置成本,有助于缩小城乡收入差距。研究结论:农地证券化有助于农户克服资本约束,实现劳动力的永久性转移,形成缩小城乡收入差距的长效机制。

Farmland Securitization, Labor Migration and Income Distribution between Urban-rural Residents

The purpose of this paper is to build an urban-rural dual structure model reflecting farmland asset cash-ability to provide a new theoretical explanation for non-permanent migration and urban-rural resident income gap in the process of China''s urbanization. Methods employed include numerical simulation and statistical test to analyze how TFP difference, migration cost and farmland cash-ability influence labor transfer and urban-rural income gap. The results show that: 1) technology advance of agriculture and non-agriculture sector has positive impact on labor transfer which migration cost impedes labor transfer; 2)clearly defined farmland property rights will enhance the cash-ability of farmland asset and have positive effect on rural labor migration; 3)farmland securitization will narrow the income gap between urban and rural residents because it can increase the cash-ability of farmland asset and provide replacement cost for permanent labor migration. The paper concludes that farmland securitization can overcome capital constraint, realize permanent labor migration and form a long-term mechanism to narrow the income gap between urban and rural residents.