玛纳斯河流域农业开发与水资源分配格局的改变及其生态效应

水作为绿洲环境和经济建设的主要限制因素，直接决定着经济建设的规模、方向和水平。玛纳斯河流域农业开发，改变了流域水资源的自然分配格局，一方面发挥了水资源利用的潜力，扩大了灌溉绿洲面积，创造了更适于农业生产和人类生活的绿洲小气候。另一方面，人类不合理的开发活动造成水量的地域分配平衡、盐量平均、生态平衡及生物多样性遭受破坏，对人类的生存与发展又构成了一定的威胁。玛纳斯河流域作为新疆干旱区典型的内陆河，生态环境和农业生产的可持续发展均取决于对整个流域水资源的集约高效利用。

The Change of Water Resource Distribution and Its Ecological Effects caused by the Agriculture Development in Manasi River Valley in Modern Time

Water, as a vital basis for oasis environment and economic construction, decides directly scale,direction and level of economic construction. The agriculture development in Manasi River Valley has altered thenatural distribution of the water resource. On one hand, water resource have been utilized sufficiently, oasesareas have been extended constantly, oases weather suiting human live have been created. On the other hand,the unreasonable activities of human being have led to imbalances in water resource distribution, salt, and spoiledecosystem and biodiversity, all of these above threat the subsistence of human being in certain extent. ManasiRiver Valley, as the typical inland river in dry Xinjiang province, its sustainable development of ecological environment and agriculture are decided by highly effective and accurate utilizing of water resource.