对美国贸易政策嬗变的政治经济学分析——一个“利益集团”视角

贸易政策是各种理念相互交锋、各种利益集团彼此博弈的结果。在不同的历史时期,美国贸易政策的侧重点有所不同。为了对日益加剧的中美贸易摩擦给出一个合理的解释,本文从政治学、政治经济学和新政治经济学的分析框架出发,阐释了利益集团在美国贸易政策嬗变过程中的政治表现。20世纪80年代后,“利益集团”模型成了贸易政策分析的主要发展方向之一,尤其是它的“政治献金”模型,更是给出了任何贸易保护的产生都是利益集团、政治家和选民之间均衡博弈的结论。

The Plutonomy Analysis on American Trade Policies: in An Interest Groups' Perspective

Trade policies take shape after various concepts crossed swords one another and various interest groups played games each other. During those different historical periods, American trade policies emphasize particularly on different parts. In order to interpret reasonably the increasing pricking up of Sino-American trade friction, this paper tries to illustrate the political representations of those interest groups in the course of American trade policy evolution under the frame of politics, plutonomy and new plutonomy. After 1980s, the model of interest group became one of the main trends in analyzing trade policies, especially its"Political Contribution Approach"."Political Contribution Approach"concluded that trade protections come into being as the result of the games among that interest groups, politicians and electorates in trade equilibrium.