企业互补性资产与深圳动漫产业集群的形成——基于深圳的经验和教训

我国动漫产业承接了国际产业转移,但多数动漫企业还处于动画加工低端环节。值得高度关注的问题是,那些具有创新精神和高度创造力、具有真正优秀的原创动漫产品的企业却无法正常盈利。因此,建园区、盖大楼只提供了发展动漫产业的基础设施,关键是当地提供良好的创业环境,促使各类相关企业繁衍和互动,形成动漫产业集群的发展环境。文章借用企业理论中的互补性资产概念,总结了美国好莱坞和日本秋叶原两种动漫盈利模式特点;并结合2001年产于深圳的动画电影《魔比斯环》失败案例和2006年建立于深圳的国家级怡景动漫产业基地的发展,分析了深圳动漫产业存在的问题以及发展动漫产业集群的经验。提出发展动漫产业须培育本地企业的互补性资产,尤其是外部的互补性资产,培育动漫产业集群,实现在全球价值链上升级。

COMPLEMENTARY ASSETS IN ANIMATION ENTERPRISES:THE MAKING OF ANIMATION INDUSTRY CLUSTER IN SHENZHEN

Animation industry makes high profit in developed economies,while in China it's the opposite.With the concept of complementary assets,this paper explains the business models and the characteristics of Hollywood and Akihabara's animation industries,and illustrates the failure of Thru the Moebius Strip,the product created in 2001 in Shenzhen and the success of Shenzhen National Cartoon and Animation Industry Base setting up in 2006.The paper analyzes the problems of Shenzhen animation industry,and finds out that lack of complementary assets is one of the primary factors puzzling Chinese animation industry development. The paper concludes that to shape local complementary assets include internal and external ones is a possible way to upgrade local animation industry of China. In this regard,local cluster with local division of labour and external complementary assets will help the making of animation industry cluster.