中国苹果绿色全要素生产率测算与产区差异

目的 厘清苹果产业绿色全要素生产率增长的动态变化及产区差异，是促进苹果产业高质量发展的关键。方法 文章基于2004—2018年我国8个苹果主产区面板数据，利用超效率SBM模型和全局ML指数，从静态、动态不同角度，对我国苹果环境技术效率和绿色全要素生产率进行测算，并分析不同产区之间的差异。结果 （1）我国及各主产区苹果环境技术效率均未达到最优状态，区域差异明显，黄土高原主产区高于环渤海湾主产区，与不考虑非期望产出相比，环境技术效率明显偏低；（2）规模效率是当前我国苹果生产技术效率主要来源，黄土高原主产区纯技术效率略高于规模效率，环渤海湾主产区纯技术效率偏低；（3）苹果绿色全要素生产率整体提高，区域间增速差异较大，黄土高原主产区增速高于环渤海湾主产区；（4）技术效率是我国苹果绿色全要素生产率主要增长源泉，技术进步贡献度相对较低。结论 我国苹果绿色全要素生产率存在较大提升空间，各产区要通过因地制宜制定苹果产业发展战略、充分借助农业科研院所创新优势、加强果农高素质培训等方式提高苹果绿色全要素生产率。

MEASUREMENT OF GREEN TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY AND REGIONAL DIFFERENCES OF APPLE IN CHINA

Clarifing the dynamic changes and regional differences of green total factor productivity growth in apple industry is the key to promote the high-quality development of apple industry. Based on the panel data of 8 major apple producing areas in China from 2004 to 2018, using super efficiency SBM model and global ml index, this paper calculated the environmental technical efficiency and green total factor productivity of apple in China from static and dynamic angles, and analyzed the differences between different apple major producing areas. The results were listed as follows. (1) The apple environmental technical efficiency of major producing provinces, or the country in general, was not in an optimal state, and the regional differences were obvious, the Loess Plateau were higher than those of the Bohai Bayt. And the environmental technical efficiency was significantly lower than that without considering the unexpected output. (2) Scale efficiency was the main source of technical efficiency of apple production in China. The pure technical efficiency of the major production areas of the Loess Plateau was slightly higher than scale efficiency, while the pure technical efficiency of the major production areas around the Bohai Bay was lower. (3) The green total factor productivity of apple had increased, but the growth rate varied greatly among regions. That was, the growth rate of the major production areas of the Loess Plateau was higher than that of those around the Bohai Bay. (4) Technical efficiency was the main growth source of apple green total factor productivity in China, and the contribution of technological progress was relatively smaller. In summary, there is a large room for improvement in apple green total factor productivity in China. All production areas should improve apple green total factor productivity by formulating apple industry development strategy according to local conditions, making full use of the innovative advantages of agricultural research institutes, and strengthening high-quality training for fruit farmers.