农户对秸秆深翻还田的选择偏好及异质性来源研究基于黑土地保护视角

目的 秸秆深翻还田是东北地区黑土地保护和修复主要的方式之一，但目前农户选用秸秆深翻还田作业的意愿依然不强。方法 文章基于黑土地保护视角，从技术和政策双层面分解秸秆深翻还田作业的特征属性，以规模户和小农户为调研对象，运用选择实验法及混合Logit模型识别农户选择秸秆深翻还田作业的选择偏好和支付意愿，并探讨其异质性来源。结果 （1）技术层面。行政农机托管能显著提高秸秆深翻还田的作业选择偏好；农户对秸秆深翻还田的成本风险和技术操作规范风险有承受能力，但对病虫害风险有排斥心理；小农户更注重短期产量和效益，倾向于劳动力投入，最高支付意愿为243.60元/hm²（16.24元/亩）；规模户更重视改善土壤质量等长期效益，倾向于资金投入，最高支付意愿为397.95元/hm²（26.53元/亩）。（2）政策层面。以激励为主的政策、作业后补贴以及高强度补贴均能显著提高农户采纳秸秆深翻还田技术的积极性，小农户希望补贴给农户本身，而规模户更倾向于补贴个合作社企业。（3）农户采纳秸秆深翻还田的行为偏好存在异质性，异质性来源为农户的个体特征、家庭经营特征和社会特征及认知等因素。结论 技术层面需优化相关配套辅助技术，大力推进黑土地保护监测数据和技术信息的共享；政策层面政府需完善秸秆深翻还田的政府补偿机制；保障层面需推进行政农机作业托管模式，加强对合作社的规范和监督。

THE PREFERENCES OF FARMERS' CHOICES AND THE SOURCES OF HETEROGENEITY OF STRAW RETURNING WITH DEEP PLOUGHING MODEBASED ON THE PERSPECTIVE OF BLACK SOIL PROTECTION

Returning straw to the field with a deep plowing mode is currently one of the most important methods for black soil protection and restoration in Northeast China, but current farmers are unwilling to choose the technology of returning straw with a deep plowing mode. In view of this, this paper analyzed the attributes of preference for returning straw with a deep plowing mode into two categories from technical level and policy level. With large-scale households and small farmers as the research objects, the choice experiment method and the hybrid logit model were used to identify farmers'' preference and willingness to pay for the straw return operation and to explore the source of preference heterogeneity. The results were listed as follows. (1) In terms of technical level, administrative agricultural machinery trusteeship could significantly improve the preference of the two types of farmers for straw return operations. Small farmers and large-scale households were averse to the risk of diseases and insect pests that may result from returning straw to the fields through deep plowing. Small farmers paid more attention to short-term yield and benefits and tended to invest in labor, with a maximum willingness to pay 243.60 CNY /hm² (16.24 yuan/mu), while large-scale households paid more attention to long-term benefits such as soil quality improvement and tend to invest more, with a maximum willingness to pay 397.95 CNY /hm² (26.53 yuan/mu).(2) In terms of policy level, incentive-based policies, postoperative subsidies, and high-intensity subsidies could all significantly increased farmers'' enthusiasm for adopting straw return deep plowing technology. Small farmers preferred to subsidize themselves, while large-scale households were more inclined to subsidize a cooperative enterprise. (3) There was heterogeneity in the behavioral preference of farmers in adopting returning straw through deep plowing. This heterogeneity mainly came from factors such as farmers'' individual characteristics, family management characteristics, social characteristics and cognition. In summary, the technical level needs to optimize the relevant supporting auxiliary technologies and vigorously promote the sharing of black land protection monitoring data and technical information, and the government policy level needs to improve a government compensation mechanism for the deep turning of straw back into the fields. The protection level needs to promote the administrative farm machinery operation trust model and strengthen the regulation and supervision of cooperatives.