农业技术进步、空间效应与城乡收入差距基于省级面板数据的分析

目的]通过构建空间计量模型，实证检验2007—2018年我国农业技术进步对城乡收入差距的直接影响和空间溢出效应。方法]文章基于我国31个省（区、市，不含港澳台）的面板数据，利用空间杜宾模型，并设置邻接矩阵、地理距离矩阵和经济距离矩阵，分析农业技术进步对城乡收入差距的影响，并进一步将农业技术进步分解为农业前沿技术进步和农业技术效率。结果]（1）中国省域城乡收入差距具有显著的空间集聚特征，呈现出“高—高”和“低—低”的空间分布特征。（2）农业技术进步不仅有利于缩小当地城乡收入差距，还可以通过空间溢出效应促进邻近地区城乡收入差距的缩小。（3）农业前沿技术进步对当地城乡收入差距的缩小具有显著的促进作用，但对邻近地区的溢出效应不明显；农业技术效率则具有明显的空间溢出效应。结论]农业技术进步有助于缩小城乡收入差距。要继续加大农业科技投入，进行农业科技创新，提升农业技术效率，同时加强省际间的交流与合作，促使区域间农业技术的创新、转化与扩散。

AGRICUTURAL TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS, SPATIAL EFFECT AND URBAN-RURAL INCOME GAPBASED ON THE ANALYSIS OF PROVINCIAL PANEL DATE

By constructing a spatial econometric model, this research empirically test the direct impact and spatial spillover effects of agricultural technological progress on the urban-rural income gap during the period 2007-2018 in China. Based on panel data from 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in China, we analyzed the impact of agricultural technology progress on the urban-rural income gap by constructing a spatial Durbin model and setting up adjacency matrix, geographic distance matrix and economic distance matrix. We further decomposed agricultural technological progress into agricultural frontier technological progress and agricultural technological efficiency. The results showed that the urban-rural income gap in China''s provinces had significant spatial agglomeration characteristics, showing the spatial distribution characteristics of "high-high" and "low-low". Agricultural technology progress was not only conducive to narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas in the region, but can also promoted to reduce the income gap in neighboring regions through spatial spillover effects. Agricultural frontier technology progress had a significant role to reduce the income gap in the region, but the spillover effect on neighboring regions was not obvious. But the efficiency of agricultural technology had obvious spatial spillover effects. Therefore, agricultural technology progress can help narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas. It is proposed to continue to increase investment in agricultural science and technology, carry out agricultural science and technology innovation, improve agricultural technology efficiency, and at the same time strengthen inter-provincial exchanges and cooperation, and promote the innovation, transformation and diffusion of agricultural technology between regions.