欧盟区域间集体安全的构建——基于欧盟在非洲危机管理行动经验分析

欧盟区域间集体安全是欧盟在共同安全防务政策的制度和区域间合作框架中形成的对外危机管理概念。欧盟在非洲的危机管理行动经验表明,作为普遍性集体安全与区域性集体安全的"中间体",它既有集体安全的共同逻辑,如主权国家通过组织化的集体行动应对战争或其他大规模暴力的发生,具有大国主导和利益导向等特征;又有普遍性和区域性集体安全的共有特征,如依据《联合国宪章》等通行的国际法来指导其行为;也有区域性集体安全的共同特征,如拥有独立的制度框架和冲突预防的机制化;更有显著的"自我特性",如超国家机构的引入,综合安全方法和安全部门改革的机制化,军事权力、民事权力、规范权力的综合运用以及有效多边主义下的包容性进程等。作者认为,虽然欧盟区域间集体安全亦有明显的局限性,如行动的选择性、军事能力的不足、决策的单向性等,但它构建起了一种新的集体安全实践模式,进一步丰富了集体安全的内涵。

Constructing EU Interregional Collective Security:A Case Study of the EU Crisis Management Operations in Africa

The EU interregional collective security was mainly built by its foreign crisis management operations in the framework of EU Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) and interregional cooperation.As a middle ground between universal and regional collective security,EU crisis management operations in Africa shows that EU interregional collective security has not only the common logic of collective security,such as sovereign states dealing with war and other large-scale violence through organized collective action,led by great powers and guided by their interests,but also some common features of universal and collective security,e.g.,based on the UN Charter and international law,as well as some features of regional collective security such as organizational framework,conflict prevention mechanisms.More important,collective security regime has owned more significant "European characteristics":a supranational organization,institutionalized comprehensive security and security reform,a blend of military,civilian and normative power,inclusive process through effective multilateralism,etc.Although EU interregional collective security has obvious limitations— selective operation,inadequate military capability,and unilateral decisions,it has enriched the connotations of collective security with its new action model.