小农户与现代销售渠道选择——来自中国梨园的经验数据

基于梨农入户调查数据,对选择传统销售渠道和现代销售渠道的农户进行的对比分析,以及通过构建Probit模型对销售渠道选择决定因素进行的实证研究表明,梨园面积较大、农业资产更加丰富的农户更容易选择现代销售渠道。也就是说,农产品现代销售渠道往往设置了种植规模和农业资产门槛,有可能将小规模贫穷农户排除在现代销售渠道之外。但小规模农户可通过加入农民专业合作社等方式来提高自己的组织化程度,进而提高自己加入现代销售渠道的可能性。因此,政府在制定农产品流通政策,推进农超对接等工程时,不可操之过急。政府应不断引导农民加入农民专业合作组织,规范农业合作组织,克服小农户分散经营的局限性,提高组织化程度和组织运行效率。政策制定部门要创造条件引导农民加入合作社或利用行业协会来提高农民的组织化程度,增加农民与现代销售渠道谈判的力量,同时规范农民专业合作组织运行机制,让合作组织真正成为分散小农户的利益代表。

Small Farmers and Modern Selling Channels Selection: Analysis on the Survey of Chinese Pear Orchards

Based on the survey data of farmers in pear orchards,a comparative analysis on both farmers choosing traditional and modern selling channels has been carried out.The empirical research on the determinants of selling channel selection with the help of Probit model shows that farmers with bigger size pear orchards and richer agricultural capital will have more preference for modern circulation channel.It means that there are some limits for the selection of modern circulation channel in terms of the scale of planting and agricultural capital.But with the help of joining into special cooperatives,small farmers can improve their level of organization,and increase the possibility for them to select modern selling channel.So,the government should not overhasty while formulating agricultural products circulation policy and promoting "supermarket direct farm".The government should guide the farmers to join into the special cooperatives,standardize these cooperatives,cope with the limitation of decentralized small operation,improve the level and efficiency of organization,and enhance the farmers’ power while negotiating with modern selling channels.The government also should standardize the operational mechanism of farmers’ cooperatives,and make these cooperatives to be the representatives of the interests of decentralized small farmers.