海州湾单拖网渔船技术效率及其影响因素分析

在渔业资源衰退、渔船节能减排、渔业产业结构调整等多重压力下,短期内海洋捕捞业经济增长日趋困难。渔业技术效率是评价渔业经济增长质量的重要指标,界定其影响因素有助于促进资源优化配置,提高渔业经济增长水平。单拖网作业是中国近海一种重要捕捞方式,本文以海州湾70艘单拖网渔船为研究对象,利用DEA-Tobit模型,分析其技术效率及其影响因素。结果表明,仅有20.0%的海州湾单拖网渔船处于技术有效状态;渔船主机功率、渔船船体长度、渔船船龄以及燃油补贴对其技术效率的影响不显著;年出海天数、船长从业时间和年总成本对其技术效率有显著影响。

Analysis on technical efficiency and influencing factors of single trawlers in Haizhou Bay

Under the multi-stressors, such as the decline of fishery resources, the energy conservation and emissions reduction for fishing vessels and the fishery industrial structure adjustment and so on, it is becoming increasingly difficult to make the economic growth in a short-term for the marine fishing industry. Fisheries technical efficiency is an important indicator to evaluate the quality of fishery economic growth. The definition of its influencing factors will be helpful to promote the optimal allocation of resources and raise the level of economic growth in fisheries. Because the single trawling operation is an important fishing method in China, 70 Haizhou Bay’s sampling single trawlers are used to analyze the technical efficiency and the influencing factors based on DEA-Tobit method in this paper. A single vessel is considered as a decision making unit and employed to study the technical efficiency from a microcosmic view and evaluate the efficiency level of the single trawling fishery in Haizhou Bay. The Tobit regression model is used to exploring the main influencing factors to technical efficiency for Haizhou Bay single trawling fisheries. The results show that only 20.0% of the Haizhou Bay single trawlers were in the optimal technical efficiency state. The engine power, hull length and age of vessels are not significant on technical efficiency. The number of fishing operation days per year, the employment time of captain and the total costs per year have obvious significance on technical efficiency. For a single single trawling vessel, it can improve the technical efficiency either by decreasing the input without reducing the output or by increasing the output with a given input. For the overall situation of Haizhou Bay, either reducing the number of single trawling fishing operation days per year or cutting the total costs per year is helpful to promote the technical efficiency.