Exclusionary policies in urban development: Under-servicing migrant households in Brazilian cities |
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Authors: | Feler Leo Henderson J Vernon |
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Affiliation: | a Johns Hopkins University, School of Advanced International Studies, Department of International Economics, 1717 Massachusetts Avenue NW, 7th Floor, Washington, DC 20036, United States;b Brown University, Department of Economics, Box B, Providence, RI 02912, United States |
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Abstract: | Localities in developed countries often enact regulations to deter low-income households from moving in. In developing countries, such restrictions lead to the emergence of informal housing sectors. To deter low-income migrants, localities in developing countries withhold public services to the informal housing sector. Using a large sample of Brazilian localities, we examine migration and exclusion, focusing on the public provision of water to small houses where low-income migrants are likely to live. Withholding water connections reduces the locality growth rate, particularly of low-education households. In terms of service provision, during dictatorship in Brazil, we find evidence of strategic exclusion, where localities appear to withhold services to deter in-migration. We also find evidence of strategic interactions among localities within metro areas in their setting of service levels: if one locality provides more services to migrant households, other localities respond by withholding service. |
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Keywords: | Urban slums Urban growth Urban services Exclusion |
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