市场准出与多边货物贸易体制关系研究——兼评“限制出口案”的抗辩思路

长期以来,人们对于多边货物贸易体制的理解往往停留在市场准入这一层面,即降低进口产品关税、向进口产品开放市场。形成这种片面理解的原因固然是多方面的,其中最主要的还是与世贸组织的前身——关贸总协定创设期间的国际贸易环境有关。经过第二次世界大战的浩劫,各国政府都面临外汇短缺,都想通过扩大出口以增加财政收入。因此,人们习惯把关注的目光聚焦在关贸总协定各缔约方是否有效消除针对进口的关税壁垒和非关税壁垒。事实上,多边货物贸易体制规制的对象是双重的,即在要求世贸组织成员对其它成员开放本国(地区)市场的同时,也要求其降低本国(地区)产品出口的门槛。最近发生在中国与其它世贸组织成员之间有关中国限制部分产品出口的贸易纠纷使人们对于市场准出与多边贸易体制之间的关系有了新的认识。

Study on the Relations between Export Restrictions and the Multilateral Trade System

The objective regulated by the multilateral trade system is double-layered,i.e.requiring WTO members to open their domestic markets for imports as well as to lower the barriers for exports.In other words,the criterion for market accession is a two-sided one which means the entrance for imports and exit for exports.It has long been believed that the reduction of tariffs and opening of markets are only limited to imports.Although the factors accounting for this misunderstanding vary,the most important one is ...