上海支出型贫困家庭的救助模式和经验启示

上海率先探索建立支出型贫困家庭的救助模式,如静安区“五四三二一”帮扶救助体系、长宁区“四医联动”基本医疗保障模式、虹口区四项帮扶机制,徐汇区“五可”帮困救助模式.上海建立“市民收入核对系统”;探索社区市民综合帮扶机制；深化分类施保,在低保救助基础上形成“保基本、可叠加、多组合”的救助套餐；健全就业、保险、救助和慈善的“四环联动”,与各类社会保障制度无缝衔接,这些经验值得在全国推广.“支出型贫困”丰富和发展了贫困理论,实现了三个转变:贫困标准从收入转向支出;救助对象从个人转向家庭；救助目标从现实状况转向风险预防.

The Relief Pattern for Poor Families of Expenditure Type in Shanghai and its Implication

Shanghai is the first city to construct the relief pattern for poor families of expenditure type such as "Five Four Three Two One" Help and Relief System in Jing’an District,Basic Health Care System of Four Medical Linkage in Changning District,Four Items Help Mechanism in Hongkou District,Five Kinds of Help and Relief Measures in Xuhui District.Shanghai has established the checking system of citizens’ income,explored the mechanism of comprehensive help among residents in the community,deepened the classification of executing safeguard,including "basic safeguard,being superposed,and multi-combination",strengthened the "four elements combined" of comprehensive system of employment,insurance,help,and philanthropy.These experiences are worthy to be spread among the whole country.The thought of "Expenditure Type Poverty" develops the theory of poverty,and realizes three transformations,which are the criterion of poverty changing from income to expenditure,the relief object changing from individual to family,and the relief goal changing from realistic condition to risk prevention.