药品专利制度的现实困境及反思

药品研发及市场化具有高风险、高投入特征，药品专利制度通过为制药企业提供专利期内垄断市场激励,促进药物创新。TRIPS协议在全球范围内建立了对药品专利的高标准保护，然而这一药品专利国际保护制度突出了药品专利私权属性以及对利润的过分追求，在现实中引发了药品创新悖论与药品获得困难两方面问题。借鉴并完善国际社会已有的药物研发多元融资措施、税收优惠机制以及公私合作模式，有助于纾解药品专利制度面临的现实困境。

Realistic Dilemma and Reflection of Drug Patent System

Drug research, development and marketization are characterized by high risk and high investment. Drug patent system promotes drug innovation by providing monopoly market for pharmaceutical enterprises during the patent period, thus alleviating pain and even saving lives.TRIPS establishes a high standard of protection for drug patents around the world. However, the international system of drug patent highlights the private property of drug patent and the excessive pursuit of profit, which leads to the paradox of drug innovation and the difficulty of obtaining drugs. Therefore, it is necessary to draw on and improve the existing multi-financing measures for drug research and development, preferential tax mechanism and public-private cooperation model in the international community in order to help alleviate the practical difficulties of the drug patent system.