鲁南贫困地区识别与乡村旅游发展潜力研究

[目的]旅游扶贫已成为乡村脱贫攻坚的重要方式之一,旅游扶贫的可行性探讨是开展扶贫工作的前提。[方法]在识别鲁南贫困区域并测度该地乡村旅游发展潜力的基础上,评价该地区乡村旅游扶贫的可行性;构建贫困指数识别该区域的贫困状况;运用离差最大化决策法对鲁南乡村旅游发展潜力进行比较排序,并分析鲁南不同县区乡村旅游发展潜力的空间分布特征;运用IPA方法分析鲁南贫困县区开展乡村旅游扶贫工作的可行性。[结果]鲁南绝大部分县区贫困指数较高,贫困程度较深;各县区乡村旅游发展潜力水平差异较大,分布不均;利用贫困指数与潜力指数将鲁南县区划分为高贫困—高潜力、低贫困—高潜力、高贫困—低潜力及低贫困—低潜力4种类型,其中山亭区、蒙阴县、沂南县、泗水县等地区的乡村旅游发展潜力较高,乡村旅游扶贫的可行性相对较好,其他县区发展乡村旅游扶贫可行性相对较低。[结论]鲁南各县区进行乡村旅游扶贫时需正确认识区域内乡村旅游发展的客观条件,充分发挥优势资源条件实现脱贫,旅游扶贫可行性较低的区域应积极探索其他的扶贫方式,切勿盲目发展乡村旅游。

STUDY ON THE IDENTIFICATION OF POVERTY-STRICKEN AREAS AND THE DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL OF RURAL TOURISM IN SOUTHERN SHANDONG PROVINCE

Tourism poverty alleviation has become one of the most important ways to get rid of poverty. The feasibility study of poverty alleviation is the necessary prerequisite to the poverty alleviation. This paper took the tourism poverty alleviation as a point. On the basis of identifying the poverty stricken areas in southern Shandong and measuring the potential of rural tourism in this area, the feasibility of poverty alleviation in rural tourism was evaluated. The poverty gap index was constructed to identify the poverty in this area. The comparative analysis was made on the spatial distribution of rural tourism potential in different counties. The IPA method was used to evaluate the feasibility of rural tourism poverty alleviation in poor counties. Most counties in southern Shandong have higher poverty index and deeper poverty. The development potential of rural tourism in all counties is quite different and unevenly distributed. The poverty gap index and rural tourism potential index divide southern Shandong into four types: counties high poverty high potential, low poverty high potential, high poverty low potential and low poverty low potential. Among them, Shanting District, Mengyin County, Yinan County, and Lishui County have a high potential for rural tourism development, and the feasibility of poverty alleviation in rural tourism is relatively better. The feasibility of poverty alleviation in rural tourism development in other counties is relatively worse. In order to alleviate poverty through rural tourism in the counties of southern Shandong province, we should correctly understand the objective conditions for the development of rural tourism in the region, give full play to the advantages of resources to achieve poverty alleviation. Regions with low feasibility of poverty alleviation through tourism should actively explore other ways of poverty alleviation, and do not blindly develop rural tourism.