贫困地区从扶贫开发到乡村振兴——进程、难点与路径

回顾新中国成立70年来扶贫开发的历史进程，当前是贫困地区从扶贫开发向乡村振兴转型的重要阶段。贫困地区扶贫开发与乡村振兴有着历史承接的关系。贫困地区由扶贫开发向乡村振兴的转变过程中可能面临经济自主能力不强、产业薄弱、人口结构倒挂严重、发展模式不易转变、群众致富的主观能动性不强等现实困难，同时，经济要素在城乡合理流动的制度性阻碍依然存在。论文从深化城乡体制改革、从“精准扶贫”向“精准振兴”的模式转型、从帮扶困难群体向壮大乡村市场主体和职业农民政策的转变等方面探讨了贫困地区乡村振兴的发展方向，并指出，在乡村振兴过程中要正视自然条件恶劣地区的现实困境，尊重个体迁移流动的自主选择。

Poverty-stricken Areas: from Poverty Alleviation to Rural Revitalization

Reviewing the history of poverty alleviation and development in the past 70 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the paper points out that the current stage is an important part in the transition from poverty alleviation to rural revitalization, which also shows some historical undertaking. The transition from poverty alleviation to rural revitalization in poverty-stricken areas may face difficulties such as weak economic autonomy, frail industry, inverted population structure, head strong developing model, and fragile subjective initiative of the people. This paper also points out that there still exist the institutional obstacles to the rational flow of economic factors in urban and rural areas. The paper discusses several aspects of the direction of rural revitalization in poverty-stricken areas: deepening further the urban and rural system reform; the transition from “precise poverty alleviation” to “precise revitalization”; and the transition from helping difficult groups to strengthening rural market players’ policies and professional farmers. It puts forward in the end that in the process of rural revitalization, attention should be paid to the real dilemma in the areas with harsh natural conditions, and respect should be given to the independent choice of individual migration and mobility.