透视“民工荒”——当前我国农村劳动力转移态势的人口经济学分析

改革开放以来沿海地区持续了二十多年的“民工潮”,近年来却悄然退去,演变成了令人震惊的“民工荒”。原因究竟何在?劳动力无限供给不等于有效供给,进城民工人力资本存量不足,在劳动力市场上缺乏就业竞争能力,“民工荒”表现为“数量荒”,实际上是“质量荒”,来源于民工的“教育荒”。从一定意义上说,“民工荒”反映的又是“权利荒”。善待民工,规范用工行为,切实维护民工的合法权益, 才能营造出一个留住民工的良好就业环境。

See Through the Scarcity of Migrant Workers--Analysis of Transference Situation of Chinese Rural Labor According to Population Economics

Since Economic Reform and Opening Up, "farmers'frenzied hunt for work in cities" , which had been lasting for more than twenty years in coastal areas, has retreated quietly and have come into the surprising scarcity of migrant workers. Lack of human capital stock, the migrant workers is not competitive in obtaining employment at labor market. So the scarcity of migrant workers, which is shown as a small quantity, is actually their poor quality and results from their poor education. Because the tradition thought of planned economy and systematical hinder still exist, the rights of the migrant workers can not be guaranteed. Besides, agriculture comparative interests increase in these years and the migrant workers foster the sense of defending their rights in according with laws. All these factors cause the migrant workers to fight to vote with foot while playing chess in the labor and capital. In a sense, the scarcity of migrant workers reflects the scarcity of rights. A kind of working environment which can retain migrant workers can be created if only employment practice can be regulated, migrant workers can be well treated and their rights can be defended actively.