工作-家庭平衡制度的中美比较与植入机制研究

电子社会中,工作全面浸入家庭,严重影响员工的身心健康。通过对中美政府法律制度的定性和企业制度的定量比较研究发现：中国协调工作与家庭矛盾的公共制度缺位,而中美企业正式制度如弹性工作制和家庭照顾福利,以及非正式制度如经理支持和职业生涯后果控制的效果与作用路径存在差异,因为中国员工把工作放在首位,而美国员工把家庭放在首位。研究提出了新制度有效植入机制包括：将家庭责任重要的价值观植入个体、企业和政府的主观博弈模型创造植入的主观认知条件;明确界定目标函数,加强各级政府执行力和强化作为新制度运行机制的工会功能和目标,促进工作-家庭平衡成为全社会的共享信念是国家强制制度植入的成功条件;只有社会形成共享信念,工作-家庭平衡制度才具备自我实现和自我维系系统。

A Sino-US Comparative Study on Work-Family Balance Institutions and Their Embedded Mechanism

Work has intruded into family in all aspects and affected well-being of employees seriously.This qualitative study on Sino-US legal systems and comparative quantitative study on Sino-US organizational institutions finds that public legal regulations to coordinate the conflicts between work and family are absent in China while effectiveness and working paths of formal institutions like flexible schedule and depend cares,and informal institutions like manager support and career consequences differ in two countries in terms of importance of family over work among Americans,and that of work over family among Chinese.Accordingly,this study puts forward embedded mechanism of new institutions into China as follows： To implant the importance of family into subjective game model of employees,enterprises and governments at all levels so as to create subjective cognitive conditions for new institutions;To create conditions to embed new national institutions forcefully and successfully through clarifying objective function of new institutions,reinforcing executive capability of governments at all levels and working mechanism of labor unions,and developing work-family balance as shared social cultural values.Only such values become a shared believe in society can work-family balance institutions have self-effecting and self-maintaining systems.