劳动就业的影响因素及其效应研究综述

就业问题历来是国内外经济学家关注的重点。经济增长、经济结构、技术进步是影响就业的三个重要因素。经济增长影响就业的观点主要有三个思路:经济增长对就业增长具有带动效应;经济增长减少了劳动就业;中国经济增长带动劳动就业存在动态效应。经济结构影响就业的观点体现在产业结构演变对就业有促进作用、产业结构演变抑制了劳动就业以及产业结构和就业结构之间存在非均衡性等三个方面。对于技术进步影响就业,学者的观点主要集中在:一是技术进步对就业有积极的作用;二是技术进步对就业以替代作用为主;三是技术进步对就业的影响是双重的;四是技术进步对就业的影响微小,二者关系不明显。

The Influence of Labor Employment and the Effect: A Literature Review

The issue of employment has been the focus of domestic and foreign economists. Economic growth, economic structure, and technological progress are the three important factors that affect employment. There are three main theories about economic growth affecting employment, that is, economic growth has a driving effect on employment growth; economic growth reduces employment; there exists a dynamic effects between economic growth and employment growth. The viewpoint that Economic structure affects employment is reflected in the following three aspects： the evolution of industrial structure promotes employment; the evolution of industrial structure inhibits employment ; there exists non - equilibrium between industrial structure and employment structure. As to technological progress affecting employment, the views of scholars focused on the following aspect. First, technological progress has a positive effect on employment. Second, technological progress mainly has vicarious effect on employment. Third, technological progress has double influence on employment. Fourth, technological progress has little effect on employment, the relationship between technological progress and employment is not obvious.