企业技术知识基础多元度对独立创新与合作创新平衡互补效应的影响

整合独立创新与合作创新的协同作用对企业生存和发展具有重要意义。基于知识基础理论，构建技术知识基础相关与非相关多元度、知识整合能力对企业独立创新和合作创新协同性（互补性与平衡性两个维度）的影响效应模型，利用2009—2018年中国生物制药行业80家企业发明专利数据进行实证检验。结果表明，技术知识基础相关多元度对企业独立创新与合作创新互补性具有正向影响，对两类创新活动平衡性具有负向影响；技术知识基础非相关多元度对独立与合作创新互补性具有倒U型影响，对两类创新活动平衡性具有负向影响。企业知识整合能力负向调节技术知识基础相关多元度对独立创新和合作创新互补性的正向影响，削弱技术知识基础相关多元度与独立创新和合作创新平衡性之间的负向关系。同时，企业知识整合能力在技术知识基础非相关多元度与独立创新和合作创新互补性间起负向调节作用。

The Impact of the Variety of Enterprises' Knowledge base on the Complementary and Balance Effect between Independent Innovation and Collaborative Innovation

High-quality development is the theme of China's '14th Five-Year' Plan, however, the cutthroat competition of key and core technology is restricting economic transformation and development. A lot of researchers and practitioners have pointed out that the implementation of innovation-driven strategy is the decisive factor of high-quality economic development. Based on the theory of knowledge base, the essence of enterprise innovation activities is the process of gathering and absorbing various internal and external knowledge, and realizing knowledge creation through internalization, combination, externalization and socialization. Thus, knowledge is one of the most important resources of enterprises, and the rational allocation of knowledge resource is the key to the long-term survival and development of enterprises. Actually, the independent innovation and cooperative innovation are adopted by the enterprises, and the two modes of innovation activities will lead to the synergy (including complementary and balance) effect, which have an important impact on the enterprise innovation performance. As previously proposed by scholars, the choice of enterprise technological innovation mode must match its resource, so the technological knowledge base of enterprises is one of the important antecedents of the relationship between independent innovation and cooperative innovation. Therefore, based on the knowledge-base theory and dynamic capability theory, this paper analyzes the influence of the related and unrelated variety of enterprise's technological knowledge base on the balance and complementary of independent innovation and cooperative innovation, and also explores the moderating effect of knowledge integration capability. #br#This paper analyzes the effect of the variety of knowledge base on the balance and complementary of independent innovation and cooperative innovation with patent data. Firstly, the 80 sample enterprises are selected according to the firms listed in the 'list of top 100 Chinese Bio-pharmaceutical Enterprises' and 'ranking of bio-pharmaceutical R&D' for consecutive years. Secondly, We collect the patent data applied by the 80 bio-pharmaceutical companies in the patent database of China Intellectual Office from 2009 to 2018. And then all the variables are measured using the patent data. Finally, We verify the hypothesis by defining variables and constructing the Tobit regression model. #br#The results show that the related-variety of enterprises' knowledge base has a positive effect on the complementary of independent innovation and cooperative innovation, and the related-variety of knowledge base can negatively influence the balance of independent innovation and cooperative innovation. However, there is inverted U shaped relationship between the unrelated-variety of enterprise knowledge base and the complementary of independent innovation and cooperative innovation, which means that excessive allocation of technology resource in new areas is not conducive to the complementary of the two types of innovation activities, and we also found that the unrelated variety of knowledge base has a negative effect on the balance of independent innovation and cooperative innovation. The results of regression analysis also show that the knowledge integration capability of enterprises has a negative moderating effect on the relationship between the related-variety of technological knowledge base and the complementary and balance of independent innovation and cooperative innovation. And we found that the knowledge integration capability of enterprises negatively moderates the inverted U shaped relationship between the complementary of independent innovation and cooperative innovation, but the moderating influence of knowledge integration capability on the relationship between unrelated variety of knowledge base and balance of two modes of innovation is not significant.#br#This research enriches the existing theory of the relationship between independent and cooperative innovation of enterprises, and explores the factors affecting the synergy of two types of innovation activates from a new perspective. Different from previous literature, this article reveals the effect of internal knowledge resources on the complementary and balance between the two types of innovation modes, and also proposes and verifies the moderating effect of knowledge integration capability on the relationship between variety of knowledge base and the synergy effect of two modes of innovation activities. This paper expands the research literature on the influence of the knowledge base on the enterprise independent and cooperative innovation activities. Then, the research results suggest that the enterprise's practitioners should carry out independent and cooperative innovation according to its own technological knowledge base. When there is a high level of related variety of knowledge base of enterprises, the manager of the firms should flexibly allocate resources and make good use of the complementary relationship between independent and cooperative innovation, but there is no need to pursue an absolute balance between the two types of innovation activities. And when there is a high level of unrelated-variety of knowledge base, the enterprises should appropriately strengthen the complementary of two modes of innovation, but it is not necessary to excessively increase the allocation of resource in the new technological field. In addition, enterprises also should strengthen the construction of knowledge integration capability in cross-technology fields. With the improvement of knowledge integration capability, the enterprises need to pay more attention to the cooperative innovation to ensure the mutual promotion between independent innovation and cooperative innovation activities.#br#