旅游地日常生活的康复性意义研究——以丽江古城为例

健康是人类关注的永恒话题,旅游和健康本源上存在密切联系,近年来已成为旅游学及其交叉学科关注的研究热点。旅游地如何促进旅游者健康体验、幸福感甚至社会福祉,是亟待回答的学理和实践命题。基于此,文章将旅游地日常生活与旅游者健康体验联系起来,以丽江古城客栈主与旅游者为研究对象,通过深度访谈和参与式观察,明晰旅游情境中日常生活对于旅游者主观健康体验的积极作用。研究发现:(1)旅游地从空间、时间、社会实践3个维度营造了特定时空中的生活新范式与典范形态,建构了环境、日常生活与健康交互新面向;(2)旅游地日常生活为旅游者提供了物质、社会和心理多重资源,形成了生理、心理和精神、社会人际交往能力三维康复性意义结构;(3)旅游地日常生活的康复性意义是在旅游者与旅游地复杂性、动态性关联中建构的,并从生产与消费两端对康复性意义进行共同塑造与整合。研究从微观层面的日常生活出发,以实证分析回应了旅游、日常生活、健康体验之间的互动关联,为深入理解旅游的意义提供了新思考,也为旅游业实现美好生活需要提供现实指导。

Everyday Life of Tourism Destination and Its Therapeutic Meaning:A Case Study of the Old Town of Lijiang

Health is an eternal topic of human concern. Tourism and health are intrinsically closely linked, which has become a research hotspot of interest for tourism and its interdisciplinary disciplines in recent years. From the aspects of space, time and social practice, everyday life in tourism destination reshapes the relationships between man and man, man and society, man and nature, and reveals the vitality and significance of livehood and life. Tourism destination provides a temporary and objective situation for the experience and practice of ideal life, in which tourists escape from the pressure and anxiety of their usual life in the flow of“dis-embedding and re-embedding”, enabling them to restore their body’s vigour, boost their mood and refresh their spirit. Tourists gather in the Old Town of Lijiang which takes“slow living”as its spiritual background and local characteristics, in order to seek for a kind of living style that is frozen in time and stagnant with higher stability. This therefore provides a typical case to study the interactions among tourism, everyday life and tourists’ subjective health experience. From the perspective of inns owners and tourists, this paper attempts to explore two aspects: one is how to create and construct a unique everyday life in a tourism destination;the other one is how to make tourists stay in a relaxed and comfortable state in the everyday life of tourism destination in the process of tourism experience, so as to form the therapeutic function and meaning for the promotion of tourists’ health. From 2018 to 2020, the researchers visited the Old Town of Lijiang several times for field investigation. First-hand data was collected mainly through participatory observations and semi-structured in-depth interviews. After screening, 28 interviews last around 45 to130 minutes were obtained, and the interview texts were sorted and analyzed by NVivo software. In addition, this study analyzes the ways of constructing and therapeutic meaning of everyday life in the tourism destination, summarizes and refines the interactive mechanism between everyday life in the tourism destination and tourists’ health experience. The findings are as follows. Firstly, the tourism destination creates a new paradigm and model of life from three dimensions of space, time and social practice, which outlines the new orientation of the interaction among environment, everyday life and tourists’ health. Secondly, the everyday life of tourism destination provides multiple resources in terms of material, social and psychological resources, and forms a three-layer therapeutic meaning structure of physiology, psychology and spirit, as well as social interpersonal relationship. Thirdly, the therapeutic meaning of everyday life of tourism destination is constructed in the process of complexity and dynamic correlation between tourists and tourism destinations, whose essence is the joint shaping and integration of therapeutic meaning by tourism destinations and tourists from the perspective of production and consumption. Starting from the everyday life practice at the micro level, this paper responds to the interaction among tourism, everyday life and tourists’ health experience from the empirical perspective, so as to provide new thinking for further understanding of the significance of tourism and practical guidance for the tourism industry’s demand to help tourists achieve a better life.