Commuting efficiency in the Beijing metropolitan area: an exploration combining smartcard and travel survey data |
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| Affiliation: | 1. University of Liège, ArGEnCo, Local Environment Management & Analysis (LEMA), Quartier Polytech 1, Allée de la Découverte 9, Liège BE-4000, Belgium;2. Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Geography, Cosmopolis Centre for Urban Research, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels BE-1050, Belgium;1. Institute of Urban Geography and Tourism Studies, University of Łódź, Poland, Kopcińskiego St. Łódź, Łódzkie 91–142, Poland;2. Centre for Migration and Urban Studies, Department of Geography, University of Tartu, Estonia;3. Department of Geography, Environmental, Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, South Africa;4. Institute of Built Environment and Spatial Policy, University of Łódź Poland, Kopcińskiego St. Łódź, Łódzkie, 91–142, Poland;1. College of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China;2. Department of Urban Planning and Design, Faculty of Architecture, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;3. Shanghai Urban Planning and Design Research Institute, Shanghai 200040, China |
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| Abstract: | Using Beijing as an example, this research demonstrates that smartcard data can be used to (a) assemble the required data for excess commuting studies, and (b) visualise related results. Based on both smartcard and household travel survey data, we find that the theoretical minimum commute is considerably lower for bus users than for car users in Beijing. This suggests that there is a greater inter-mixing of jobs–housing functions (i.e., a better jobs–housing balance) associated with users of that mode compared to the corresponding land-use arrangement for car users, who locate further from the central area (Tian’anmen) than bus users. The commuting range for car users is 9.4 km greater than for bus users. Excess commuting is slightly higher for bus users (69.5%) than for car users (68.8%). Commuting capacity values are slightly lower for car users than for bus users, implying that car users consume less of their available commuting resources overall than bus users, albeit only marginally. |
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| Keywords: | Excess commuting Jobs–housing balance Commuting Bus Beijing |
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