Allocation of tasks,arrangement of working hours and commuting in different Norwegian households |
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| Affiliation: | 1. University of Pennsylvania, Department of City and Regional Planning, 210 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;2. University of Pennsylvania, Department of City and Regional Planning, Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, 210 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;1. Urban and Regional Research Centre, Utrecht, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80115, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands;2. Department Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80115, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands;3. Methodology and System Dynamics Group, Faculty of Management Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9108, 6500 HK Nijmegen, The Netherlands;1. University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany;2. Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Regensburger Str. 100, 90478 Nürnberg, Germany;3. Johann Heinrich von Thünen Institute, Bundesallee 50, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany;1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China;2. School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LT, United Kingdom;3. Sino-US Global Logistics Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China;4. Railway and Transport Strategy Centre, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom;1. Faculty of Planning, CEPT University, Kasturbhai Lalbhai Campus, University Road, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009, India;2. Centre for Urban Equity, CEPT University, Kasturbhai Lalbhai Campus, University Road, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009, India |
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| Abstract: | Weekly working hours and commuting distance can be seen as indicators of equality/inequality between spouses. Traditionally, it is women who adjust their career more readily to meeting family obligations. In an era with a focus on equality between the genders in regard to both education and paid work, it is obvious to think of equality regarding working hours as well, and of distance to and from work. In this study we utilized data from the Norwegian Travel Survey of 2009 to examine the results of adjustments made in weekly working hours and commuting distance in families in which both husband and wife are in paid work. These indicate that the family situation is significant, and that, among other things, children in a family does not lead to any reduction in men’s working hours or commuting distance.Living in the periphery of large cities is disadvantageous for women who want to work full time, while living within a city tends to be to their advantageous in this regard. The results from the analysis of commuting distance show that women do not commute as far as men in comparable groups (working hours, family type, education, place of living, income, access to a car and occupation) and that the policy of regional enlargement is far from gender neutral. So long as it is women who adjust their labour market participation – both temporal and spatial – an enlargement of the regional/geographical labour market resulting potentially in longer commuting distances will primarily favour those who have the possibility to travel irrespectively of family situation, i.e. men, not women. |
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| Keywords: | Gender Married couples Working hours Commuting Differences Norway |
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