CO2 emissions associated with hubbing activities in air transport: an international comparison |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Geography, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong;2. Faculty of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5 Iroon Polytechniou Street, Zografou Campus, 15773 Athens, Greece;1. SYSTRA Ltd, 25th Floor, City Tower, Piccadilly Plaza, Manchester M1 4BT, United Kingdom;2. Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom;3. Leeds University Business School and Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom;4. Significance, Koninginnegracht 23, 2514 AB The Hague, The Netherlands;1. Applied Economics & Management Research Group, University of Seville, Spain;2. Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Spain;1. Department of Geography, The Ohio State University, 1036 Derby Hall, 154 North Oval Mall, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;2. Department of Geography, and Center for Urban and Regional Analysis, The Ohio State University, 1036 Derby Hall, 154 North Oval Mall, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;1. Engineering Systems, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, E40-246, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;2. Civil and Environmental Engineering and Engineering Systems, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, 1-163, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;3. Aeronautics and Astronautics and Engineering Systems, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, 33-328, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;1. UCL Energy Institute, University College London, Central House, 14 Upper Woburn Place, London WC1H 0NN, UK;2. School of Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Room 1-206, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, USA |
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| Abstract: | Hubbing is an important operational practice in air transport. Many studies have been conducted to examine the benefits and impacts of hubbing from an economic perspective. However, its impact on CO2 emissions, especially across different air spaces, is not well understood. This paper explores the impact of hubbing activities in air transport from an environmental perspective. With a detailed methodology and data from the Greek and Hong Kong/Sanya flight information regions (FIRs), three levels of CO2 emissions are estimated: airport-based, airspace-based and flight-based. After contrasting the CO2 emission efficiencies of Athens International Airport (AIA) and the Hong Kong International Airport (HKIA), aircraft type and flight distance are examined to explain their emission efficiency differences. It is found that HKIA is associated with poorer CO2 emission efficiency at the airport and airspace levels because of the larger aircraft and longer flight distance. However, when CO2 emission efficiency at the flight level is considered, HKIA, with a higher passenger load factor, performs better. Major international hub airports should implement additional environmental measures to minimize the impact of hubbing activities on CO2 emissions at the airport and airspace levels. |
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| Keywords: | Air transport Airspace Hubbing Greece Hong Kong |
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