武汉市基础教育资源与居民点空间耦合分析

基础教育资源发展经常会滞后于城市化居民点的建设,如何更好地协调两者均衡发展成为研究关注的焦点。文章选取湖北省武汉市为研究区,运用核密度估计、标准差椭圆和平均几何中心等地理学空间分析方法,探索该地区城市居民点和基础教育资源空间格局及变化过程,分析其耦合状态并指导未来城市空间发展。研究发现:2005-2018年武汉市基础教育资源(小学和中学)数量呈先减后增趋势,而居民点数量持续增加的趋势;基础教育资源与居民点空间分布均呈现"核心-边缘"的分布趋势,集中分布在中心城区,而远城区分布较为稀疏。同时,基础教育资源与居民点出现发展不均衡的状态,特别是2005-2015年期间两者的耦合度逐渐降低,而两者密度中心耦合度呈现由低至高,又逐渐降低的波浪型趋势;空间变化方向上则以2010年为时间节点,两者重心偏移由方向一致转为呈现相反方向偏移。武汉市未来城市规划中,需要更加切实加强对居民点与基础教育资源空间规划,优化基础教育资源结构的同时,综合考虑居民点人口、经济等要素,实现两者空间布局高度耦合。

Spatial Pattern of Basic Education Resources in Wuhan Based on Spatial Coupling Algorithm

In the process of basic education resource development,it often lags behind the construction of urban residential areas.How to better coordinate the balanced development of the two has become the focus of researchers.This study selected in Wuhan,Hubei province as the research area,in order to solve the region basic education resource allocation and problems such as uneven spatial distribution of residential area,by using kernel density estimation,such as average and standard deviation ellipse geometric center geography space analysis method,explore the area studies spatial pattern of urban residential areas and basic education resources and the change process,analyzes the coupling condition and to guide the future urban spatial development.The research found that from 2005 to 2018,basic education resources in Wuhan showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing,while the number of residential areas continued to increase.The basic education resources and the spatial distribution of residential settlements both show a"core-edge"distribution trend,which is mainly distributed in the central urban area,while the distribution in the far urban area is relatively sparse.Since 2005,the coupling degree between the basic education resource and the density center of the residential area presents a wave change trend,with low at both ends and high in the middle.Taking 2010 as the boundary,the migration direction of basic education resources in the previous stage was consistent with that of the center of gravity of settlements,while after 2010,the migration of the two showed the opposite direction.Therefore,in the future urban planning of Wuhan,it is necessary to strengthen the spatial planning of residential areas and basic education resources,optimize the basic education resource structure while comprehensively considering the population,economy and other factors of residential areas,so as to achieve a high degree of coupling between the spatial layout of the two.