资源错配、政府干预与新兴产业产能过剩

产能过剩是市场经济体制下的一大难题,从2009年以来,我国诸多行业饱受产能过剩之苦,即使是光伏、风电行业等新兴产业也不例外,低端重复建设、资源错配、政府不当干预等是导致新兴行业产能过剩的主要原因。文章通过建立生产要素模型从理论上研究资源错配、政府干预与产能过剩之间的关系,并利用风电行业企业层面的微观数据集进行实证检验。结果显示:在垄断竞争的市场格局下,要素扭曲导致的资源错配严重阻碍了产能的释放,致使低端产能堆积;化解产能过剩有赖于资源配置优化、削减投入冗余。然而,不恰当的政府补贴、政策性银行的信贷倾斜,以及低价出让土地等干预手段却削弱了资源配置对产能利用率的提升作用,且这种削弱作用对产业链下游的企业更为明显。因此,在提高资源配置效率、避免"低端锁定"的同时,更应转变政府扶持政策,推动要素市场化改革,提高技术创新能力,以破解新兴产业结构性产能过剩的困境。

Resource Misallocation,Government Intervention and Overcapacity in Emerging Industries

Overcapacity is a difficult problem under the market economy.Since 2009,there are many industries suffering from overcapacity in our country,beside of emerging industry,such as solar and wind power industry,etc.Low-level redundant construction,resources mismatch,and improper government intervention are the main cause of the emerging industries in overcapacity.Establishing the production factors model,the paper theoretically studies the relationship of production resources,government intervention and overcapacity;and conducts the empirical test based on micro-data sets of the wind power industry enterprises.The results show that under the market structure of monopolistic competition,resource mismatch caused by factor distortion seriously hinders the release of production capacity,which results in the accumulation of low-end capacity.Relieving overcapacity depends on optimizing resource allocation and reducing input redundancy.However,inappropriate government subsidies,policy banks’credit tilt and low-cost land transfer and other interventions have weakened the role of resource allocation on the promotion of capacity utilization,and this weakening effect is more obvious for downstream enterprises of industrial chain.Therefore,while improving resource allocation efficiency and avoiding"low-end locking",it is necessary to change traditional support policies,promote factor market reform,and improve technological innovation capabilities to solve the dilemma of structural overcapacity in emerging industries.