青海省家庭能源消费结构地域特征

家庭能源消费已经成为全球可持续能源转型与能源地理研究的前沿热点问题。基于半结构式问卷和访谈,对青海省7个市州的440户家庭用能信息进行调查,并从农区、牧区以及农牧交错区的分类视角揭示家庭能源消费差异特征,分析影响家庭非商品能源使用的因素。结果表明:以畜粪、秸秆、薪柴为主的非商品能源消费占家庭能源消费主体,煤炭逐渐成为主要家庭能源类别,清洁能源使用率低。在家庭能源消费总量上,牧区最高,农区最低,农牧交错区介于农区和牧区之间;农区以秸秆、薪柴为主要家庭能源,牧区以畜粪为主,农牧交错区兼具了农区和牧区的能源消费特征,三大区域具有典型空间差异特征;家庭非商品能源消费模式受能源价格、家庭规模、能源可得性、家庭收入以及受教育水平影响。鉴于此,文章提出增加清洁能源供给,提升农牧民节能意识以及构建面向能源清洁化和低碳化协同能源政策框架是家庭尺度能源转型的重要方向。

Regional Characteristics of Household Energy Consumption Structure in Qinghai Province

Household energy consumption has become a major source contributing to the increase of global energy use and carbon emission.Based on a household survey in rural Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of Qinghai Province,the paper examines the household energy consumption and spatial regional differences.We found that non-commercial energy is still dominating household energy use in the research area,whereas the use of clean energy use remains limited.The empirical results also indicate the significant regional spatial difference of total household energy consumption among the rural,pastoral,and agro-pastoral area.With a Tobit model,the paper further investigates the factors influencing household’s demand for non-commercial energy consumption.The results show that family size,energy availability,family income,and education levels have significant influences on household’s non-commercial energy consumption demand.Biogas use,instead of coal,has significant substitute effect on non-commercial energy,which might be resulted from the social-ecological specialty of the region.In view of this,we propose an integrated policy framework targeting the transition towards a low-carbon energy system.