演化经济地理学视角下创新网络研究进展与展望

“要素驱动”向“创新驱动”、“地方空间”向“流动空间”转变的背景下,多主体、多尺度的网络化模式成为创新导向,动态性、路径依赖性与邻近性等演化经济地理学分析思维有助于理解创新网络演化规律和机制。文章基于Web of Science和中国知网中1991-2016年经济地理学领域创新网络演化研究文献,借助CiteSpace V软件,运用文献计量分析法以及对相关文献资料的回顾,系统梳理创新网络演化研究的热点领域、知识基础,明晰核心研究内容和学术争议。结果表明:①创新网络结构演化、演化路径与演化机理是国外研究的热点领域,通过借鉴西方演化理论和研究范式,企业、产业和区域等创新网络演化实证探讨受到国内研究重视;②多维邻近性机制下的创新网络形成与演化、全球-地方多空间尺度耦合的创新结网以及产业集群创新网络成为研究的知识基础;③创新网络演化是否呈现路径依赖有待解答,不同维度邻近性对创新网络演化影响的重要程度存在争议,着眼于多集群的创新网络演化则是新近的前沿领域。

Progress and Prospect of Research on Innovation Networks:A Perspective from Evolutionary Economic Geography

With the change from "space of places" to "space of flows" and from "factor-driven" to "innovation-driven", multi-subject and multi-scale network model becomes the dominant model of innovation. As an important carrier and effective way of the flowing and sharing of innovation elements, the coordination and cooperation of innovation actors, the transformation and utilization of innovation results, the concept of innovation networks have become commonplace within the economic geography. The analytical thinking of evolutionary economic geography, such as dynamic, path dependence and proximity, is helpful to understand the evolution of innovation networks. Using CiteSpace V and based on the review of extensive literatures, this paper systematically generalizes the research hotspots, knowledge base, academic debate and research frontier of economic geography research on innovation networks based on the literatures from Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure database from 1991 to 2016. The purpose of this paper is to seek a breakthrough for the theoretical innovation of domestic innovation networks. The main findings of this study are drawn as follows. 1) The foreign research hotspots focus on evolution pattern, evolution path and evolution mechanism of innovation networks. Following the western evolutionary theory and research paradigm, a large and growing body of scholarly research in domestic economic geography has focused on the evolution of innovation networks at enterprise, industry and regional level. 2) The knowledge base involves the multiple proximity mechanism of the formation and evolution of innovation networks, the multi-scale coupling of innovation networks, and the innovation networks of industrial clusters. 3) Whether the evolution of innovation networks presents path dependence, it remains to be solved. The importance of multiple proximities at different evolution stages of innovation networks is still controversial. Focusing on multi-clusters is becoming the frontier areas of international economic geography research on the evolution of innovation networks.