西方社会土地产权的构成、演化与启示

西方社会将土地产权分为权能和客体两方面，并进行科学精准地界定、重组，以实现土地产权在政府管理层面与个人使用层面的均衡分配。人工不透水层作为承载社会经济发展用地类型的覆被类型，随着西方社会生态保护意识的增强而处于规划和管制当中，具体反映在土地产权主体占有地块内的建筑密度、容积率等控制指标。而土地用途分类和土地覆被分类作为土地产权的实体化反映，则构成以经济价值为维度的土地发展权的尺度性特征，实现了政府宏观管理与个体微观利用的兼容性。对我国土地产权管理的建议：土地管理应由强调土地所有制向构建土地利用管制制度转变；科学界定土地产权，转变政府职能，推动我国土地管理向民生化、微观化、精准化方向发展。

The Composition,Evolution of Land Property Rights in Western Society and Some Enlightenments

In western society, land property right is divided into power and object. And the land property right is defined and recombined scientifically and accurately so that the land property right can be reached equilibrium assignment in the government management level and personal use level. Artificial impermeable layer, as cover types which carry the land use type for social and economic development, is in the planning and control with the growth of awareness of ecological protection in western society; which reflected specifically that the main body of land property rights occupy the control indexes such as the building density and plot ratio within the block. However, land use classification and land cover classifications, as the materialization reflection of land property right, comprise scale characteristics of land development rights with economic value dimension; realizing the compatibility of the government macro management and individual micro use. On this basis, this paper offers some suggestions for land property right management in China, these include： land management should be put emphasis on the construction of land use control system instead of land ownership; we should define the land property rights scientifically, transform the government functions so as to promote land management to the direction of the neonle＇s livelihood oriented_ rnicro~n~mi~ and nr~i~inn