经济体制转型背景下的中国居民健康公平挑战

基于宏观年鉴数据，在中国经济体制改革与社会转型的背景下，研究动态化地考察了中国居民在城乡、区域、性别之间的健康差异及其变动。结果表明，改革开放后相对于改革开放前，尽管居民总体健康水平仍在改进，但速度趋缓。与此同时，以城乡、区域和性别差异为表征的健康公平问题仍持续存在．且局部指标呈恶化趋势一其中的重要原因在于：与持续拉大的城乡和地区差别相关的居民卫生提供和享有上存在的不平等，以及其他经济社会不平等的加剧。实现健康公平依赖于一个平衡的政府角色，关键在于从根本上改变中国城乡、地区经济二元结构，改善收入分配关系，并在此基础上，公平地提供教育、医疗卫生、就业和养老等基础设施和社会保障，以实现包括医疗服务利用、教育资源享有公平在内的社会经济关系公平。

On The Challenge of the Health Equity in the Background of Economic Transition

In the background of China economic reform and transformation, this paper dynamically examines the health disparities between urban and rural areas, the health disparities in regions and in genders, as well as their variations. The results show that compared with before reform, the overall health status is improving, but not obvious; meanwhile, the health inequality characterized by the disparities between urban and rural areas, in regions and in genders still exists and some indicators tend to be worse. The major reasons lie in the health care inequity and some other social inequalities. Realizing the health equity relies on the balanced role of the government, and the points are to fundamentally change China＇s dual economic structure in urban and rural areas and some regions, to improve the distribution of incomes, through the intervention of the government＇s responsibility and social justice, as well as the community＇s efforts. And on this basis, social security and the infrastructure of education, health care, employment, pension and others should be provided equally to realize the social-economy equity including the medical services, educational resources, etc.