南北贸易与内生增长——南方既模仿又创新

本文模型是对GH模型(Grossman and Helpman,1991)的一个拓广,不仅包括GH的情形(北方创新、南方模仿),还包括北方创新、南方既模仿又创新的情形。在后一种情形下我们发现:(1)参与国际贸易的南北双方能享受更高的增长率;(2)北方规模扩大会提高增长率、降低模仿率以及模仿企业数与北方企业数的比率;南方规模扩大会提高增长率、模仿率、南方相对工资水平,以及模仿企业数与北方企业数的比率;(3)南、北方政府资助创新会提高增长率、模仿率,但南方政府资助创新会提高南方相对工资、降低模仿企业数与北方企业数的比率,而北方自主创新的影响不确定;南方政府资助模仿的政策除提高南方相对工资外,对稳态的增长率、模仿率以及模仿企业数与北方企业数的比率都不产生任何影响。

Endogenous Growth with North-South Trade:the South may Copy or Copy as well as Innovate

This paper presents a model of endogenous growth with North-South trade in which the North innovates and the South may copy or innovate or copy as well as innovate. Within such a framework we describe two types of stable steady states: one is the type of Grossman and Helpman (1991) in which the South copies; the other exists only in the narrow gap case in which the South copies as well as innovates. In the latter case we find that (1) countries participating in international trade enjoy a high growth rate; (2)the expansion of the North will raise the rate of innovation but reduce the rate of imitation and the ratio of the number of imitating firms to the number of Northern firms; the expansion of the South will raise the rate of innovation,the rate of imitation,the relative wage of the South,and the ratio of the number of imitating firms to the number of Northern firms. (3)subsidizing innovation by the North or the South will raise the rate of innovation and the rate of imitation,but subsidizing innovation by the South will raise the relative wage of the South and reduce the ratio of the number of imitating firms to the number of Northern firms,while subsidizing innovation by the North has obscure effects on both the ratio and the relative wage rate. Subsidizing imitation by the South will raise the relative wage of the South but have no bearing on the rate of innovation,the rate of imitation and the ratio of the number of imitating firms to the number of Northern firms.