包世臣的边际土地利用技术思想

清代中后期，巨大的人口压力更明显成为土地利用范围扩展的直接社会经济动力。本文以此为背景，研究包世臣关于垦荒种稻、山地、涂田、圩田、河沿地、城镇荒场等边际土地利用技术思想。文章重点在他的山地综合开发利用技术思想方面：首先考察清代山地开垦的大体局势及后果，接着简要评价他的垦山基本态度，并指出其技术思想的现实针对性，着力分析他的开山技术经验，最后论其历史价值。结语部分讨论他的边际土地利用技术思想对于现代农业可持续发展的启示。

Bao Shichen's Thoughts of Agricultural Technology on Marginal Land Utilization

Based on the background that heavy population pressure more obviously became the immense impetus to expand the scope of land utilization during the mid-and late Qing Dynasty,this paper studies Bao Shichen(1775-1855)'s technological thoughts of marginal land utilization,including reclamation of wasteland for rice planting,seaside saline-alkali soil,low-lying paddy-fields surrounded with dikes,river waterside land and town wastelang,etc.The emphasis of this paper is put on his thoughts as to rational development of hilly land:1)It investigates the general situation and consequences of hilly land reclamation;2)It concisely appraises Bao's basic attitude and points out the realism of his technolgical thoughts,then it dwells upon his main points of hilly land reclamation;3)it discusses the historic significance of his technological thoughts.This paper winds up with some lessons for the sustainable development of modem agriculture.