突发公共卫生事件中人道物流的应急法律机制

人道物流为突发公共卫生事件防疫工作提供人道援助物资的仓储、运输和配送等服务,对防控疫情有重要意义。在新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情发生后,国内外慈善团体和个人捐赠了大量应急物资,我国的人道物流体系依照相关应急法律的规定迅速响应,在实施法律的同时也检验着法律的规定。目前,我国已经建立了由相关单行法和行政法规、部门规章、地方性法规等构成的应急法律体系来规范突发公共卫生事件中的应急管理。从实施情况来看,我国人道物流相关的部分法律规范层级较低,缺乏专门性规定。尤其是在交通卫生检疫、行政征用和末端物流配送等环节还存在薄弱点,需要加强相关立法、严格执行交通卫生检疫制度、细化行政征用规则、采取事中监督与事后监管,从立法、执法和守法的角度完善我国突发公共卫生事件中的人道物流应急法律制度,提高疫情防控效率。

Emergency Legal Mechanism of Humanitarian Logistics in Public Health Emergencies

Humanitarian logistics provide public health emergencies with warehousing,communication,and distribution service;and it plays an important role in controlling the epidemic situation.After the coronavirus outbreak,charities and individuals at home and abroad quickly donated a lot of emergency supplies.In this situation,the humanitarian logistics mechanism responded quickly and worked in accordance with relevant laws and regulations,but at the same time it showed that there were deficiencies in regulations.China's emergency legal system for public health emergencies is composed of relevant separate laws and administrative regulations,departmental regulations,and local regulations.The current practice in public health emergencies shows that some of the laws and regulations related to humanitarian logistics have problems of low legal effectiveness and lack of specific provisions for certain issues.There are still deficiencies in communications health quarantine,administrative expropriation,and terminal logistics distribution.Therefore,we need to further clarify relevant laws,implement the communications health quarantine and make administrative expropriation procedures clearer,and we must strengthen the supervision of humanitarian logistics during and after the event.In this way,we can promote the construction of a legal system for humanitarian logistics in public health emergencies in China from the perspectives of legislation,law enforcement,and law compliance to help effectively prevent and control the epidemic.