区块链在农产品流通中的应用模式与实施

区块链技术具有信息共享、数据真实安全、信息与凭证可追溯、智能合约等特征,与农产品流通需求存在多重耦合,有助于解决农产品流通中的痛点问题,并在农产品流通中得以局部应用。不过,区块链技术在农产品流通领域的应用尚处于起步阶段,存在全产业链应用整合程度较低、数据共享与可靠性未能完全实现、农业融资区块链落地难等一系列问题。目前具备可实现条件的农产品流通领域的区块链项目,一是跨境农产品交易联盟链,能够提高交易的公平性和透明度,降低交易风险,可由核心企业、产业基金、信息技术企业等主体共同参与开发,并建立上下游产业协同关系;二是跨境农产品物流联盟链,能够实现物流全程可控与费用自动结算,需要在行业内部增强互信并建立协调与激励机制,同时融合应用多种信息技术;三是农产品溯源联盟链,能够实现从生产源头直到消费者的农产品溯源,而为确保全链共查共享和监管,需要通过制度设计来赋予链上各方信任,应用多种技术、借助线上线下共同作用来防止一切造假;四是高效传递价值的农业融资区块链,其基于智能合约的融资征信与自动履约功能可有效满足农业融资需求,降低征信成本,需要建立风险控制制度、信用自证的认证标准、技术体系以及金融业内部技术业务标准,以实现征信信息跨链共享。农产品流通领域任何区块链具体项目的实施都要遵循严谨的实施步骤,依次是判断适用性、开展区块链培训、构思理论模型、寻找内外部资源合作、开发原型和项目实施。

Application Mode and Implementation of Blockchain in Circulation of Agricultural Products

Blockchain technology has the technical characteristics of information sharing,real and secure data,information and certificate traceability,smart contract and so on.There are multiple couplings between blockchain technology and circulation demand of agricultural products.Nowadaysblockchain technology has been partially applied in the circulation of agricultural products,but there are still some deficiencies,such as the low degree of application integration of the whole industrial chain,the failures of data sharing and reliability,and the difficulties of the implementation of the agricultural financing blockchain.There are some application scenarios.First,the alliance chain of agricultural products cross-border trade can improve the fairness and transparency of trade and reduce the risk of trade;and it can be jointly developed by core enterprises,industrial funds,and information technology enterprises to establish the upstream and downstream industrial synergy.Second,the alliance chain of agricultural products logistics can realize the whole process control of logistics and automatic settlement of expenses;and this mode needs to strengthen mutual trust,establish coordination and incentive mechanism within the industry,and integrate and apply various information technologies.Third,agricultural product whole life cycle tracingblockchain can realize the traceability of agricultural products from production origins to end consumers;and in order to ensure the data sharing and supervision through the whole chain,it needs to give trust to all parties in the chain through system design,and use a variety of technologiesand integrate activities online and offline to prevent any fraud.Fourth,agricultural financing blockchain,which will effectively deliver value,has the function of credit investigation and automatic fulfillment based on smart contract;and this function can effectively meet the needs of agricultural financing and reduce the cost of credit investigation;and the implementation of this application mode requires the establishment of risk control system,certification standard and technical system of selfcertification,as well as the technical business standard agreed by the financial industry,so as to realize cross-chain sharing of credit information.The implementation of specific projects of agricultural products circulation blockchain needs to plan rigorous implementation steps,including judging its applicability,carrying out blockchain training,conceiving theoretical models,looking for cooperation of internal and external resources,developing prototypes and implementation.