Shadow economies around the world: novel insights, accepted knowledge, and new estimates |
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| Authors: | Andreas Buehn Friedrich Schneider |
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| Affiliation: | (1) Dipartimento di Scienze Economiche e Statistiche, Universit? degli Studi di Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano (Sa), Italy;(2) Departamento de Econom?a Aplicada VI, Facultad de Ciencias Econ?micas y Empresariales, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Campus de Somosaguas, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarc?n, Spain;(3) Departamento de Econom?a Aplicada I, Facultad de Ciencias Econ?micas y Empresariales, Universidad Complutense de Madrid-Real Colegio Complutense at Harvard University, Campus de Somosaguas, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarc?n, Spain; |
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| Abstract: | This paper is a first attempt to study the impact of enforcement on the shadow economy. Using a MIMIC model, we find that a higher share of sub-national government employment and the aspiration of public employees to follow rules significantly deter shadow economic activities. Our results also confirm previous findings: Increased burdens of taxation and regulation as well as the state of the “official” economy are important determinants of the shadow economy. The estimated weighted average informality in 162 countries around the world, including developing, Eastern European, Central Asian, and high-income OECD countries, is 17.1% of “official” GDP. |
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