自然资源资产产权视角下的水资源现代治理制度改革取向

生态文明与国家治理能力现代化建设要求我国必须加大水资源治理制度的改革力度。深入分析了我国水资源治理制度,认为现行的以水量分配和取水许可为主的水资源治理制度体系存在水量分配固化、权属意识薄弱、治理手段行政化和部门职能重叠等突出问题,这些问题也是水资源治理制度体系改革的内在动因。提出水权制度是现代自然资源资产产权制度在水资源治理领域的表现形式,并论证现代自然资源资产产权制度是新时代水资源治理制度体系建设的制度基础。依据产权理论的确权、交易、监督管理3个相互衔接的制度模块,提出水资源现代治理制度改革取向。建议新时代水资源现代治理制度体系以确权登记为基础、水权为表现形式、市场机制为核心,处理好水权制度与水资源系列规划、生态文明建设、河(湖)长制、流域横向生态补偿、水利工程融资、取水许可制度之间的关系,不断推进水资源治理体系的深化改革,加速建立现代化的水资源治理制度。

Reform orientation of modern governance system of water resources based on property right theory of modern natural resource assets

The modernization of ecological civilization and national governance capacity requires the acceleration of the reform of China''s current water resourcs governance system. The China''s water resource governance system is deeply analyzed, and it is believed that there are obvious problems such as immobilization of water distribution, weak awareness of ownership, administration of treatment measures and overlap of departmental functions in the China''s water resource governance system which focuses on water allocation and water withdrawal permit. These problems are also the internal motives for the reform of the water resource governance system. It is put forward that the water right system is the manifestation of the property right system of modern natural resource assets in the field of water resource governance, and it is argued that the property right system of modern natural resource assetsis the institutional basis for the construction of the water resource governance system in the new era. Based on the three institutional modules of right, transaction, supervision of the property right theory, the reform orientation of the modern governance system of water resources is proposed. It is suggested that the modern governance system for water resources in the new era should be based on registration of right and regard the water right as the form of expression and the market mechanism as the core, and should properly handle the relationship among the water right system, water resource planning, ecological civilization construction, river(lake)chief system, horizontal ecological compensation of watersheds, financing of water conservancy projects and water withdrawal system. The deepening reform of the water resource governance system should be continuously promoted, and the establishment of a modern water resource governance system should be accelerated.