最低工资对低收入群体的“增收”和“保基本”效果分析——以广州市数据为例

作为政府规制劳动力市场工资收入分配的唯一法定收入标准,最低工资是保障劳动者特别是低收入劳动者取得劳动报酬合法权益的重要手段,也是国家“提低、扩中、控高”收入分配制度改革政策中“提低”的主要措施之一。本文以广州市低收入宏观数据及微观流动人口数据为例,立足于评估最低工资调整对劳动者“增收”和“保基本”的效果,旨在分析最低工资调整是否满足了劳动者最基本的生活需求及对低收入群体增收效应的异质性差异如何。研究结果表明,最低工资标准基本能保障最底层收入家庭基本生活,并且最低工资对低收入群体工资存在正向效应,且对于男性、30岁以下、最低工资标准附近收入等组别的收入效果更为显著,同时存在对收入的溢出效应。

The analysis of the minimum wage effect on low income group for "increasing Income" and "maintaining basic living": A case study of Guangzhou

As the only legal income standard for the government to regulate the wage and income distribution in the labor market, the minimum wage is an important means to protect the legitimate rights and interests of workers, especially low-income workers, to obtain labor remuneration, and it is also one of the main measures to "raise the low" in the reform policy of the national "raise the low, expand the middle and control the high" income distribution system. Based on the low-income macro data and micro floating population data of Guangzhou City, this paper evaluates the effect of the minimum wage adjustment on the "income increase" and "basic protection" of workers, and aims to analyze whether the minimum wage adjustment meets the most basic living needs of workers and the heterogeneity of the income increase effect on low-income groups. The results show that the minimum wage standard can basically guarantee the basic life of the lowest income families, and the minimum wage has a positive effect on the wages of low-income groups, and the income effect is of greater significance for the men under 30 years old, and the income groups near the minimum wage standard. Meanwhile, there is a spillover effect on income.