财政政策、货币政策与国外经济援助

本文通过把国外经济援助分成直接对私人的经济援助和直接对政府的经济援助来讨论这两类经济援助对政府财政政策和货币政策的影响。我们发现对私人的经济援助的增加可以使得私人消费水平和政府公共消费水平增加 ,但是它也导致政府收入税税率和通货膨胀率的提高 ;另一方面 ,对政府的经济援助增加可以使得均衡时的私人资本存量、私人消费水平和政府公共消费水平增加 ,同时可以使得均衡时的收入税税率和通货膨胀率下降。

Foreign Aid,Public Spending,Optimal Fiscal and Monetary Policies,and Long-Run Growth

This paper presents a group of models showing the striking different implications of foreign aid to the private sector and public sector. In the first model, with decentralized decisionmaking and without optimal choices of fiscal policies on behalf of the government, foreign aid to the private sector has no effect on the long run capital accumulation and it raises private consumption one to one; whereas foreign aid to the government leads to more public spending and higher private capital accumulation. In another model with optimal choices of both fiscal and monetary policies, foreign aid to the private sector gives rise to higher inflation and income taxation. Although aid to the private sector raises private money holdings and consumption, it reduces capital accumulation. However, when foreign aid is provided to the public sector, the government cuts both the inflation rate and the income tax rate, raises public spending, and provides more incentives for private capital accumulation and money holdings. In the long run, aid to the public sector leads to more private capital accumulation, consumption, money holdings, and welfare.