工作换福利与贫困社区治理:公益性岗位扶贫的双重效应——以秦巴山区一个行动研究项目为例

随着传统贫困治理方案成效的减弱和脱贫攻坚中负面激励现象的多发,贫困治理体系亟待创新完善。基于"工作换福利"思想的公益性岗位扶贫,通过对农民主体性的激发,对其参与权、决策权和发展权的保护与实践,不仅有效解决了贫困治理中的福利依赖和负向激励问题,而且促进了贫困个体收入增长、社区融入和能力提升,有效助推脱贫攻坚的同时也使得乡村治理获得显著改善。公益性岗位扶贫方式紧扣乡村治理的核心主体,通过调动贫困者的主观能动性和公共服务意识,使其在工作报酬之外还获得了超越个体与单个家庭的集体的认同感、存在感、幸福感等多重福祉,有效增强了村庄内源性的发展动力和发展能力。

Work for Welfare and Community Governance: Double Effcets of Public Job Program for Poverty Alleviation in Rural China -An Action Research Project in Qinba Mountain Area

With the weakening of the effectiveness of conventional intervention programs and the frequent negative incentives in poverty alleviation, the system of poverty reduction governance needs to be improved and perfected urgently. Poverty alleviation through public job provision based on the idea of work for welfare has not only effectively responded to the problem of welfare reliance and negative incentives in poverty control, but also realized the income growth of impoverished individuals, the integration of communities and the improvement of their capabilities. While effectively boosting poverty and tackling poverty, the governance and practice of their right to participation, decision-making and development have made rural governance significantly improved by stimulating the subjectivity of poor people. Poverty alleviation by public job provision through maximizing the subjective initiative of the poor, improve the viability, gain a sense of identity and feeling of happiness other than remuneration for work, and attach importance to the well-being of rural governance, burst endogenous development momentum.