人力资本结构“极化”:城市化驱动与作用机制

运用空间计量模型,系统分析城市化进程中人力资本结构的空间分异及"极化"现象,并从技术创新、产业结构升级和收入差距等三个维度考察其内在实现机制。结果显示：（1）中国大部分地区人力资本结构仍以中、低人力资本为主,东部和中部地区的人力资本结构空间集聚明显;（2）随着城市化水平的提升,人力资本结构出现高、低技能人力资本占比上升,而中技能人力资本占比不断减小的极化现象;产业结构升级、技术创新水平与城市化的交互作用提升了高技能人力资本占比;产业结构升级、收入差距与城市化的交互作用提升了低技能人力资本占比。促进区域协调发展、推进产业结构向高端服务业方向发展、加快创新成果的转化、缩小城乡收入差距是推动人力资本结构优化的重要路径。

Polarization of Human Capital Structure:Driving and Mechanism of Urbanization Polarization of Human Capital Structure:Driving and Mechanism of Urbanization

This paper uses the spatial econometric model to systematically analyze the spatial differentiation of human capital structure and the polarization of human capital structure in the process of urbanization. Themit studies the internal implementation mechanism from the three dimensions of technological innovation, industrial structure upgrading and income gap.The results show that:(1) human capital structure is still dominated by low human capital in most areas of China, and spatial aggregation of human capital structure is obvious in eastern and central regions; (2) with the elevation of urbanization, human capital structure appears that the proportion of high and low-skilled human capital increased, while the proportion of middle-skilled human capital continue to reduce which present the polarization phenomenon. The interaction of Industrial upgrading, technological innovation and urbanization enhances the proportion of high-skilled human capital. The interaction between income disparity, industrial upgrading and urbanization promotes the proportion of low-skilled human capital. Promoting regional coordinated development, boosting industrial structure to high-end service-oriented direction, accelerating the transformation of innovation results, narrowing the urban-rural income gap are important path to promote the optimization of human capital structure.