考虑碳排放社会成本的最优峰谷电价研究

传统峰谷电价的制定关注的是电力系统的经济成本，随着国家“3060”双碳目标的提出，峰谷电价比例确定应当考虑峰谷电价政策在减排方面的重要效果，合理地设定峰谷电价不仅可以降低电网的物理成本，增加系统经济效益，还可以减少电力碳排放。首次在峰谷电价制定过程中考虑了碳排放的社会成本，并构建了包含最优峰谷比例的社会总收益最大优化模型，根据拉格朗日乘数法确定函数极值的约束条件，得到最优峰谷电价比例与电价、碳价及边际碳排放因子之间的关系；以广东省2022年1-3月电力系统实际运行数据为例，估算了峰平谷各时段的边际碳排放因子，得到考虑碳排放社会成本的最优化峰谷电价比例为1.784∶1∶0.3。研究表明，在考虑碳社会成本后现行的电力峰谷价差需进一步增加，最优的峰时电价比例可较现有水平提高0.084,而谷时电价比例则下降0.08。

Optimal Peak-Valley Tariff Setting Considering Social Cost of Carbon Emission

The traditional peak-valley tariff formulation focuses on the economic cost of the power system. With the proposal of the national “3060” double carbon goal, the peak-valley tariff setting should consider the important effect of the peak-valley price policy on emission reduction. Setting the peak-valley price reasonably can not only reduce the physical cost of the power grid, increase economic benefits of the system, but also reduce the carbon emissions of power system. In this paper, the social cost of carbon emissions was considered for the first time in the process of peak-valley tariff setting, and the maximum optimized objective function of total social surplus including the optimal peak-valley ratio was constructed. The constraint conditions of the extreme value of objective function was determined by Lagrange multiplier method, the relationship between the optimal peak-valley tariff and electricity price, carbon price and marginal carbon emission factor was obtained. Taking the actual operation data of Guangdong power system from January to March, 2022 as an example, the marginal carbon emission factors in each period of peak and valley were estimated, and the optimal peak-valley price ratio 1.78:1:0.3 considering the social cost of carbon emission was obtained. The study found that the current peak to valley price difference needs to be further increased after considering the society cost of carbon emission, and the optimal peak price ratio can be raised by 0.084, while the optimal valley price ratio can be decreased by 0.08.